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bio concepts lab
histology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Epithelial tissue | lines body cavity+hollow organs(blood vessels+ digestive tract.covers body and forms secretory tissue.has free edge and no blood vessels. named for shape of cells on the free surface and layers. |
| Mesentery | tissue that suspends the intestines in the abdominopelivic cavity.extremely thin and clear. has nucleus and cell membrane. |
| connective tissue | most diverse and widespread of the 4 tissues.matrix and three types of fibers in connective tissue. |
| What are the three fibers in connective tissues | collagen, reticular, elastic |
| collagen fibers | thick protein structures, usually stained pink or amber |
| reticular fibers | composed of collagen, fibers are too fine to show color. form networks |
| elastic fibers | composed of different protein=elastin |
| areolar connective tissue | most basic, loose,found in vertebrates. under the epithelium(lines digestive,respiratory,urinary, reproductive tracts.also found between skin and muscles |
| why are areolar connective tissue loose? | cells move easily through the tissue to participate in the immune response and contain local tissue injury. |
| Fibroblasts | cells that produce the fibers and the matrix |
| blood | liquid connective tissue. the liquid matrix is plasma w/fibrinogen. has red blood cells(RBC/erythrocytes),white blood cells(WBC),platelets(blood clotting). |
| fibrin | when blood clots the fibrinogen is transformed into these fibers. |
| red blood cells | lack nuclei, most numerous blood cells, |
| white blood cells | several types, larger than red blood cells, more rare. to distinguish types look at nucleus and cytoplasmic granules. two most common types=neutrophils+lymphocytes |
| neutrophils | have amulti-lobed nuclei and pale granular cytoplasm |
| lymphocytes | have spherical nuclei and very little cytoplasm |
| What are the three types of muscle tissue | smooth, striated(skeletal), cardiac |
| Skeletal muscle | voluntary. found in muscle fiber cell. during the development of muscles and many cells fuse to form a single fiber. proteins are arranged to that cell appears to have light and dark striations. |
| smooth muscle | cells are scattered and may be difficult to see |
| nervous tissue | found in central nervous system. extensive connections between neurons, sensory structures and effectors. |
| ganglia | center of neurons. located outside the brain and spinal cord in various locations. |
| giant multipolar neuron | compact area containing the nucleus with a prominent nucleolus. |
| around the neuron nucleus | cell body containing fibrils and granules. have several extensions called dendrites where incoming messages enter the cell and one axon carrying messages away from the cell. |
| bone | organized around blood supply. the central dark area (Blood vessels) surrounded by concentric layers of bone |
| osteocytes | mature bone cell bodies at the edge of bone layer a very small, dark, centipede-like structures, that occupy spaces called lacunae, and the canaliculi(legs) containing extensions of the cells that tap into the vital blood supply. |
| lung | branching and rebranching air ways (bronchi and bronchioles) and blood vessels (arteries and veins) leading to the respiratory membrane |
| alveoli | air sacs |
| capillary | endothelium. red blood cells found within |
| simple squamous epithelia cells | have alveoli, capillary, red blood cells. have flat nuclei and very little cytoplasm |
| neutrophilic leukocytosis | occurs during an acute bacterial infection. total WBC# increases b/c of increased# of neutrophils that migrate through the bloodstream to engulf the bacteria at the infection site. |
| leukemia | overproduction of WBC in bone marrow. affects different stem cells in the marrow and peripheral blood cells. there are equal numbers of RBC and WBC. the lymphocytes may overtake normal tissues of solid organs. |
| sickle cell anemia | decreased # RBC or decreased hemoglobin level causing decreased ability to transport oxygen to tissues. the molecule is abnormal causing distortion and fragility of RBC.cells are hook or sickle shapped. the abnormal cell is less efficient |
| malaria | infectious disease causing anemia,fever, and enlarged spleen due to presence of parasitic protist in RBC. Plasmodium appears as a ring shaped trophozoite or as a bundle of smaller inclusions called merozoites in RBC |
| People with sickle cell anemia are resistant to malaria. this shows what? | hybrid vigor and natural selection |
| Emphysema | serious lung disease. decreased surface area in their lungs for breathing. very airy with bigger air spaces than in the normal lung. |
| smokers lung | shows black particles in the alveolar membranes and around the bronchi and bronchioles. |
Created by:
ejohnson17
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