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Genetics 2
2nd Half Fabish Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Changes in DNA are called ________. | Mutations |
| Where can mutations occur? | In sex cells AND body cells |
| The only mutations that can be passed on to offspring occur in these cells. | Sex cells |
| Who is affected by mutations that occur in body cells? | Only the person with the mutation |
| A mutation that occurs when a piece of chromosome breaks off | Deletion |
| A mutation that occurs when a piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches in the opposite direction (upside-down) | Inversion |
| An inversion reaction changes the direction of the ____ | DNA |
| A mutation that occurs when a piece breaks off a chromosome and attaches to a DIFFERENT chromosome | Translocation |
| When homologous pairs to not separate properly during meiosis, giving one of the daughter cells and extra chromosome and one a missing chromosome, the mutation is called ___ | Nondisjunction (not + separating) |
| This nondisjunction disorder is caused by having 3 copies of the 21 chromosome. | Down's Syndrome (Trisomy 21) |
| This nondisjunction disorder occurs when an individual receives an extra X chromosome (XXY), and usually results in low fertility and developmental delays | Klinefelter's |
| This nondisjunction disorder occurs when an individual has only an X chromosome (X0) causing immature development and sterility. | Turner's syndrome |
| This genotype has been loosely linked to men convicted of violent crime | XYY |
| When two alleles of the same gene do not mask each other it is called ______ dominance | incomplete |
| Incomplete dominance results in a genotype and phenotype that is a ______ of two traits. | combination |
| What kind of traits are carried only on the X chromosome? | Sex-linked |
| Which sex is more likely to get a sex-linked trait? | Males |
| Why are males more likely to get a sex-linked trait? | They receive only one X chromosome (from their mother) so the recessive trait cannot be masked. |
| Traits controlled by more that one gene are called _______ | Polygenetic traits |
| Give an example of a polygenetic trait | Skin, hair and eye color are examples |
| What professionals study and help predict the chances of a specific trait being inherited in families? | Genetic counselors |
| What do genetic counselors do? | Help determine probability of passing traits, explain the characteristics of certain traits |
| What are some tools used by genetic counselors? | Pedigrees (Inheritance pattern charts) and karyotypes (chromosomes) |
| An organized picture of chromosomes removed from a cell and stained is called a ______ | karyotype |
| The procedure in which a large needle is used to remove a small amount of amniotic fluid from the uterus of the mother to obtain fetal cells. | Amniocentesis |
| Procedure which bounces soundwaves off a fetus to produce an image | ultrasound |
| A record that traces how a trait is inherited in a family and helps predict future generations. | Pedigree |
| Plants changes to produce certain chemicals that will kill certain insects that feed on them. | Genetically altered plants |
| Normal genetic material is inserted into a virus, which transfers it to infected body cells, correcting an abnormal condition. | Gene transfer |
| A surgery done on a baby in the mother's uterus using surgical tools and a camera. | Fetoscopy |
| What does genetic engineering (biological and chemical engineering) attempt to do? | Change the arrangement of DNA |
| DNA from one organism inserted into another | Recombinant DNA |
| What is one usage of recombinant DNA? | Insulin production - Large amounts of insulin can be produced when the DNA that triggers production is introduced into an organism, like bacteria, that reproduces rapidly. |
| The study of the interaction between Science and Nature that asks whether science should interfere to cause genetic changes. | genetic ethics |
| What influence does politics have on genetic science? | Politics can determine how much money is spent on research, which diseases are studied, and whether to allow genetic alterations. |
Created by:
judi829
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