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Histology 1 Test 2
CONNECTIVE TISSUE, Mesenchyme, Mucous CT, Loose CT.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Connective Tissue includes (2) | Cells, Matrix |
| Majority of cells in CT | Fibroblasts |
| *** Macrophages resemble what? | ** Fibroblasts |
| Matrix includes (2) | fibers, ground substanc |
| Name 4 fibers | Collagen, elastic, reticular fibrin |
| What is fx of fibrin? | Clotting factor in blood |
| Ground substance includes (2), What do they bind to? | Glycose Amino Glycans, Proteo Glycans, binds to water |
| ** What is the first thing to go from an immovable joint? | ** Proteo Glycans (binds to water) |
| ** What maintains CT? | ** Movement |
| CT Functions (2) | Protection, Structural Support (connecting) |
| Types of dense regular CT (2) | Ligaments, tendons |
| Types of Dense Irregular CT (3) | Fascia, Aponeurosis, Dermis |
| Types of bone (2) | Compact, spongy |
| Fx of Loose CT | Cushioning for epithelium |
| Types of cartilage (3) | Articular (hyaline), Fibro, Elastic |
| CT types that store energy (3) | Adipose tissue, Triacylglycerols, Neutral fat |
| ** "blast" indicates | ** cell is active |
| ** "cyte" indicates | ** cell is at rest |
| CT energy storage are broken up how? | Beta Oxidation |
| Where is Calcium stored? | Bone |
| Which vitamin facilitates storage of calcium? | Vitamin D |
| If blood calcium is low in blood, this is produced to raise it | Parathyroid hormone |
| If blood calcium is too high in blood, this is produced to lower it, which gland? | Calcitonin, thyroid gland |
| WBCs and Ground substance together make what? | Immunological Barrier |
| ** Strep throat contains what? (if not treated makes problems), Do antibiotics help? | ** Hyle uromidase, Don't help viral infections |
| What is considered the mother of all CT? | Mesenchyme |
| Mesenchyme derives from what cell? | stem cell |
| Mesenchyme is considered to be a "multi_____" cell. | Multipotential (pluripotential) |
| Mesenchyme as a tissue does not exist passed what age? | 1 year old |
| As a cell some mesenchyme survive in adults scattered as ______ cells. | Undifferential |
| How are mesenchymal cells joined? | Via gap junctions |
| Mucous CT: Alive or dead? part of term ____ tissue | Dead, embryonic |
| Mucous CT: Is in vitreous body of the _____ | eyeball |
| Mucous CT: Contains ____ _____ that binds ____. Loses _____ over time. | ground substance that binds water. Loses water over time |
| Reticular tissue is the ____ of organs. | stroma |
| Name 5 reticular tissue organs. | liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, bone marrow |
| Reticular tissue stroma acts as what? | Support structure. |
| Parenchymal cells can ____ back. | ???????? Can grow back |
| **** Hepatitus destroys ____ cells. | **** destroys parenchymal cells. |
| *** ___ is vine for grapes to grow, ___ is grapes | ***stroma, parenchymal cells is grapes |
| White adipose tissue is __-ocular and contains ___. Nucleus appears ______. | Unilocular, contains triaglycerals, appears pachychromatic |
| Brown adipose tissue is ___-ocular. Gives ___ appearance. Uncouples from ___ transport. Burns up a lot of ___ ___ for the heart. | Multi, brown, elctron transport, burns up fatty acids. |
| Fatty acids in protein shell are what? These can have various _____. | chylomicrons, have various densities (hdl ldl vldl) |
| This hormone stores fatty acids in adipose tissue from blood. | Insulin |
| This hormone mobilizes stored fatty acids from adipose into blood. | Glucagon |
| Epithelial Lipase allows _____. Adipocyte lipase allows ____. | storage, mobilization |
| This mobilizes fat in blood. | Albumin |
| Dietary ____ --> emulsified by ____ --> ____ --> ___ acids and ___ (absorbed by SI) --> transformed into ____ --> ____ --> ____ --> ldl hdl vldl --> ______ | dietary fats --> emulsified by bile (liver) --> Lipase (pancreas, small intestine) --> Fatty acids and glycerol (absorbed by SI) --> Transformed into Chylomicrons --> blood --> liver --> ldl hdl vldl --> lipoproteins --> |
| Loose CT (areolar) made of cells ____ and ___ ______. | cells fibers and ground substance |
| Cells of Loose CT | fribroblasts, Macrophages, Plasma cells, B and T lymphocytes, reticular cells, adipocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils |
| Loose CT: Fibroblasts are ____. Macrophages are ____. | Predominant, histiocytes |
| These cells are activated B-lymphocytes. They make _____. | Plasma cells, they make antibodies |
| Name 2 types of lymphocytes. | B and T |
| What cells are tissue basophils? These mediate ______. | Mast cells, inflammation |
| Eosinophils react to ____. | allergies |
| Puss is present when these cells are working. | Neutrophils |
| Name 3 types of fibers. | collagen, elastic, reticular |
| What is the ground substance in loose CT? | Non-sulfated hyaluronic acid |
| 2 characteristics of non-sulfated hyaluronic acid: Resists most _____. Strep bacterias make _____. | Bacteria, hyaluronidase (breaks down acid). |
| What are the cell of dense irregular CT and regular CT? | Fibrocytes |
| Fibers of dense irregular CT? (2) | collagen, elastic |
| Dense irregular CT provides strength in which directions? | many directions |
| _____ vascularity and innervations | Poor |
| Dense reg: Predominately collagenous: Which structures? (2) | Tendons and some ligaments |
| Dense reg: Predominately elastic: Which structures? (2) | Ligaments including ligamentum flavum (limbs), and ligamentum nuchae (C7 to occiput) |
| All CT types: What are cells called that cannot leave CT? What are cells that can move? | Resident cells, Immigrant |
| Name 2 components of ground substance. | Proteoglycans, Glycosaminoglycans |
| Proteoglycans are linked by _____ to long chains of ______ acid. | Glycoproteins, hyaluronic acid |
| Glycosaminoglycans are very _____ and attach to lots of ____. | hydrophilic, water |
| Functions of ghround substance: Maintenance of ________ environment. ______ and support. ______barrier (cannot move in GS unless they make ______).. | physiologicaL environment, connection and support, immunological barrier, hyaluronidase |
| Collagen is made of 2 ___ ___ strands. and 1 ___ ___ strand | 2 Alpha 1, 1 alpha 2 |
| Collagen is found in ____ types of CT. | all |
| These fibers add framework and support to glandular and epithial cells | Reticular fibers |
| Fibrils contain fewer ____ molecules and are ____ as a result. | Fewer tropocollagen, thinner as a result |
| Reticular fibers: Higher concentration of _____ which is why they stain with ____. | carbohydrates, PAS+ |
| What produces elastic fibers? (2) | fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells |
| 3 things that make up elastic fibers? | Microfibrils, elastin, microfilaments |
Created by:
edwardmcbiggins
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