Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Microbio
Final Exam Study Cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a microorganism? | Any organism too small to be viewed by the naked eye. |
| What is microbiology? | Micron - small Biologia - studying life How microorganisms work and how to control them. |
| Who first studied microbiology? | Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek |
| How was his profession an influence to his discovery? | Drapery merchant, used lenses to view fabric, then used lenses to view microbial world. |
| Theory of Spontaneous Generation | The theory that organisms can arise from non-living matter. |
| Franceso Redi | Disproved Theory of Spontaneous Generation by placing rotting meat in jars. The one covered by jars produced no worms. The one not covered produced worms. Therefore the worms were coming from flies. |
| Louis Pasteur | Father of Modern Microbiology, demonstrated that air is filled with microorganisms, developed swan necked flask |
| Pasteur's Experiment | Swan necked flask is exposed to air, bacteria settle in bend of neck, broth stays "sterile" indefinitely, the flask is titled to come in contact with the bend, bacteria then multiply. |
| Skeptics of Pasteur's Experiment | Some scientists could not reproduce Pasteur's results. |
| John Tyndall | Concluded different boiling times were needed for different broths. Attributed this to heat-resistant life-form called endospore. |
| Centi- | 10^-2 |
| Milli- | 10^-3 |
| Micro- | 10^-6 |
| Nano- | 10^-9 |
| Golden Age of Microbiology | 1854-1914 After Theory of Spontaneous Generation was disproved |
| Advances in the Golden Age of Microbiology | -Most disease causing bacteria were discovered -Work on Viruses began -Initiation of prevention and treatment of disease |
| Rod Shaped bacteria is____ in diameter and _____ in length | .5 micrometers in diameter, 1-2 micrometers in length |
| Light microscope | .2 micrometers of resolution. Ex: Red or white blood cell |
| Electron microscope | .2 nanometers Ex: Virus |
| Atomic Force microscop | Angstroms Ex: Amino acid, Hydrogen atom |
| Prokaryote | Smaller than UK, no nucleus, no organelles |
| Eukaryotes | Membrane enclosed structure, defined nucleus, defined organelles |
| Bacteria | ProK, unicellular, ubiquitous, |
| Archaea | ProK, unicellular, grow in extreme conditions |
| Fungi | UK, uni or multicellular, found in soil, dead matter, plants, etc. |
| Algae | UK uni or multicellular, aqueous and soil enviroments, Photosynthetic (produce oxygen) |
| Parasitic Worms | UK multicellular, Disease causing, lives in host, gets nourishment from host. |
| Viruses | Infect all cellular life, obligate parasite, neither ProK or UK. |
| Normal/Indigenous Microflora | "Good" bacteria, compete with disease-causing organisms preventing disease, helps digest food, etc. |
| Pathogen | Microorganisms that cause disease |
| Opportunistic Pathogen | Do not cause disease in a healthy host Lie dormant for years, infect once immune system is compromised. |
| Advantages of Microorganisms | Produce Oxygen, convert nitrogen, decompose waste, used to make some food and drinks, sanitation, vaccines, antimicrobial drugs |
| Disadvantages of Microorganisms | They can make us sick |
| Antibiotics | Compound which kills or inhibits bacterial growth |
| Vaccines | Compound derived from microorganisms, allow immune system to recognize organism and kill it. |
| Nomenclature | Two word naming system, "Genus species" Full name underlined or italicized, First word capitalized, second word lower case, Genus usually abbreviated. |
| Microorganisms as model Organisms | Similar genetic and metabolic properties as higher forms of live, same building blocks, but are abundant, easy to grow, grow fast, etc. |
| Prokaryotic Morphology (Shape) | Coccus - spherical Bacillus - rod shaped Coccobacillus -short round rod Vibrio - curved rod Spirillum - Spiral Shaped Spirochete - Helical shape Pleomorphic - Various shapes |
| Prokaryotic Morphology (Divison) | Pairs - di Chains - strepto |
| Cluster | Random combinations of cells in several planes |
| Packet | Cell divides perpendicular to one another |
| Glycocalyx | Outside cell wall, not bacteria have a glycocalyx |
| Capsule | Polysaccharides, firmly attached to the cell wall, aids in adhesion so solid surfaces |
| Slime Layer | Glycoproteins, loosely associated with the cell wall, Aids in adhesion to solid surfaces and to one another |
| Bacterial Cell Wall | Unique to ProK. Surrounds the plasma membrane. |
| Purpose of Cell Wall | Provides structure, strength, shape. Allows selectivity. |
| The cell wall is composed of ____ | Peptidoglycan |
| PTG is composed of ____ | NAG and NAM (glucose) connected by glycosidic bonds. |
| Gram Positive Bacteria |
Created by:
tricec
Popular Biology sets