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Chapter 5 [H CS II ]
Key Terms from Chapter 5: The Molecules of Life [Biology: Exploring Life]
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an organic molecule? | An organic molecule is carbon-based molecule. |
| What is an inorganic molecule? | An inorganic molecule is a non-carbon-based molecule. |
| What is a hydrocarbon? | A hydrocarbon is an organic molecule composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. |
| What is a functional group? | A functional group is a group of atoms within a molecule that interacts in predictable ways with other molecules. |
| What does it mean to be hydrophilic? | Hydrophillic is used to describe a molecule that attracts water molecules. |
| What is a monomer? | A monomer is a small molecular unit that is the building block of a larger molecule. |
| What is a polymer? | A polymer is a long chain of small molecular units (monomers). |
| What is a carbohydrate? | A carbohydrate is an organic compound made of sugar molecules. |
| What is a monosaccharide? | A monosaccharide is a sugar containing one sugar unit. |
| What is a disaccharide? | A disaccharide is a sugar with two monosaccharides. |
| What is a polysaccharide? | A polysaccharide is a long polymer chain made up of simple sugar monomers. |
| What is starch? | Starch is a polysaccharide in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers. |
| What is glycogen? | Glycogen is a polysaccharide in animal cells that consists of many glucose monomers. |
| What is cellulose? | Cellulose is a polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces plant-cell walls. |
| What is a lipid? | A lipid is one of a class of water-avoiding compounds. |
| What does it mean to be hydrophobic? | Hydrophobic is used to describe molecules that avoid water molecules. |
| What is fat? | Fat is an organic compound consisting of a three-carbon backbone (glycerol) attached to three fatty acids. |
| What is saturated fat? | Saturated fat is fat in which all three fatty acid chains contain that maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms. |
| What is unsaturated fat? | Unsaturated fat is fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogens in one or more of its fatty acid chains. |
| What is a steroid? | A steroid is a lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings. |
| What is cholesterol? | Cholesterol is a steroid molecule present in the plasma membranes of animal cells. |
| What is protein? | Protein is a polymer constructed from a set of 20 amino acid monomers. |
| What is an amino acid? | An amino acid is a monomer that makes up proteins; contains carboxyl and amino functional groups |
| What is a polypeptide? | A polypeptide is a chain of linked amino acids. |
| What is denaturation? | Denaturation is a loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor. |
| What is activation energy? | Activation energy is a minimum amount of energy required to trigger a chemical reaction. |
| What is a catalyst? | A catalyst is an agent that speeds up chemical reactions. |
| What is an enzyme? | An enzyme is a specialized protein that catalyzes the chemical reactions of a cell. |
| What is a substrate? | A substrate is a specific reactant acted on by an enzyme. |
| What is an active site? | An active site is a region of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits. |
Created by:
alicewithlove
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