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Chapter 3 Cells
Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell theory | all living things are made of cells, all cells come from other living cells, cell is the most basic unit of life |
| cytoplasm | jellylike substance in a cell |
| prokaryotic cells | do not have a nucleus or organelles |
| eukaryotic cells | have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| organelle | specialized part of a cell that carries out a specific function |
| cytoskeleton | framework of a cell, give it shape, support, and strength |
| nucleus | stores and protects DNA |
| Smooth ER | lipid synthesis,breaks down drugs and alcohol |
| Rough ER | has ribosomes and aids in making proteins |
| ribosomes | are tiny organelles found on the rough ER and the cytoplasm that link amino acids to make proteins |
| golgi appartatus | stack of layers of membranes that modifies, packages, and transports proteins |
| vesicles | small membrane bound sacs used for short term storage |
| mitochondria | bean shaped organelles that produce chemical energy, have their own DNA and ribosomes |
| vacuoles | fluid filled saces used for long term storage |
| lysosomes | contain enzymes that hel down old cell parts and attack bacteria or viruses |
| centrioles | shaped like cylindars, aid in cell division |
| cell wall | strong, rigid layer that protects, supports and shapes the plant cell, outside the cell membrane |
| chloroplasts | carry out photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll |
| cell membrane | double layer of phospholipids that surrounds a cell and allows certain things in and out |
| phospholipid | made of 3 parts: a phosphate group, a glycerol, and 2 fatty acid chains |
| fluid mosaic model | scientists use to describe the cell membrane |
| selective permeability | allows some materials to cross but not all |
| receptor | protein that detects a signal and acts because of it, found inside and outside the cell |
| passive transport | movement of molecules across the cell membrane from a high to low concentration, doesn't require energy from the cell |
| concentration gradient | difference in concentration of a substance from 1 location to another |
| diffusion | movement of molecules from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration |
| osmosis | diffusion of water |
| isotonic solution | cell has the same concentration of solutes as the solution |
| hypertonic solution | solution has a higher concentration of solutes than a cell, water diffuses out of the cell |
| hypotonic solution | solution has a lower concedntration of solutes than the cell, water diffues into the cell |
| facilitated diffusion | enables molecules that cannot directly cross the membrane to cross using transport proteins, doesn't use energy, from a high to low concentration |
| active transport | uses energy to drive molecules through transport proteins across the cell memebrane from a low to high concentration |
| endocytosis | means to take in large materials or liquids |
| phagocytosis | cell membrane grows out to surround and take in large particles |
| exocytosis | process that moves substances out of a cell |
Created by:
amypritt
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