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Chapter 13
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Air-mass thunderstorm | large volume of air that has the characteristics of the area over which it forms. |
| mountain thunderstorm | occurs when an air mass rises from orographic lifting which involves air moving up the side of a mountain. |
| sea-breeze thunderstorm | local air mass thunderstorm that commonly occurs along acoastal area becasue land and water store and release theremal energy differently |
| frontal thunderstorm | type of thunderstorm usually produced by advancing cold front, which can result in a line of thunerstroms hundereds of kilometers long, or more rarely and advaning warm front, which can rsult in arelatively mild thunderstorm |
| stepped leader | the channel of partially charfed air; the breakdown in charges in beteen prositive and negative |
| return stroke | a branch channel of postitvely charged ions htat rushes upward from the gorund to meet the stepped leader. |
| supercell | extremely poweful self sustaining thunderstorm characterized by intense, rotating updrafts. |
| downburst | violent downdrafts that are concentratedin a local area. |
| tornado | ciolent whirling column of air in contact with the fround that forms when wind direction adn speed suddelnly change with hieight, is direction adn sepeed suddenly change with height. |
| fujita tornado intensity scale | large low presure roating tropical storm that gets its energy from the evaporationof warm ocean water and the release of heat. |
| tropical cyclone | large low presure roating tropical storm that gets its energy from the evaporationof warm ocean water and the release of heat. |
| eye | calm center fo a tropical cyclne that develops when the winds around tis center. |
| eyewall | bandd where the strongest winds in a hurrican are usually concentrated |
| saffir-simpson hurrican scale | classifies hurricanes according to wind speed, potential fro property damage, and pontential for looding in terms of the effect. |
| storm surge | occurs when powerful hurrican orce winds drive a mound f ocan water toward shore. |
| drought | extended period of well below average rainfall usually caused by shtifts in glbal wind patterns allowing high pressure systems to remain for weeks. |
| heat wave | extened period of above-average teperatures caused by large, high prressure system. |
| cold wave | extended period of below average temperat ures casued by alrage high pressure systems of continental polar or arctic origin. |
| windchill index | measures the windchill factor, by estimatiing the heat loss from skin caused by acombination of wind and cold air. |
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louizatamez
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