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Ch. 11 Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetics | Scientific study of heredity |
| Fertilization | Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
| Trait | Specific characteristic of an individual |
| Hybrid | Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| Gene | Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring |
| Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene |
| Principle of Dominance | Mendel's second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive |
| Segregation | Separation of alleles during genetic formation |
| Gamete | Sex cell |
| Probability | Likelihood that a particular event will occur |
| Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a particular gene |
| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a particular gene |
| Phenotype | Physical characteristics of an organism |
| Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism |
| Punnett Square | Diagram that can be sued to predict the genotype combinations of a genetic cross |
| Independent Assortment | One of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes |
| Incomplete Dominance | Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
| Codominance | Situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed |
| Multiple Allele | A gene that has more than two alleles |
| Polygenic Trait | Trait controlled by two or more genes |
| Homologous | Term used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent |
| Diploid | Term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes |
| Haploid | Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes |
| Meiosis | Process in which the number of chromosomes per cell in cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell |
| Tetrad | Structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis |
| Crossing-Over | Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis |
| Zygote | A fertilized egg |