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Inf Disease
Infectious Disease Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| AIDS | Human Immunodeficiency virus |
| Boils, furuncles, carbuncles, folliculitis | Staph aureus |
| Scalded skin syndrome | Staph aureus |
| Impetigo | Staph aureus Strept pyogenes |
| Cutaneous anthrax | Bacillus anthracis |
| Tularemia | Francisella tularensis |
| Leprosy | Mycobacterium leprae |
| Cold sore | Herpes simplex virus type 1 |
| Small pox | Smallpox virus |
| Cutaneous mycoses | Tichophyton Microsporon Epidermophyton (all fungi) |
| Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis | Leishmania (parasite) |
| Cellulitis | Staph aureus Strept pyogenes |
| Necrotizing fascitis | Strept pyogenes |
| Erysipelas | Strept pyogenes |
| Sporotrichosis | Sporotrichum schenckii (fungi) |
| Elephantiasis | Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi (parasite) |
| River blindness | Onchocerca volvulus (parasite) |
| Guinea worm disease | Dracunculus medinensis (parasite) |
| Septic arthritis | Staph aureus Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| Gas gangrene | Clostridium perfringens |
| Burn infections | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Animal bite infections | Pasteurella multocida |
| Lyme disease | Borrelia burgdorferi |
| Rocky Mountain spotted fever | Rickettsia rickettsi |
| Epidemic typhus fever | Rickettsia prowazeki |
| Endemic or murine typhus fever | Rickettsia typhi |
| Anaplasmosis | Anaplasma phagocytophilum |
| Ehrlichiosis | Ehrlichia chaffeensis |
| Babesiosis | Babesia microti (parasite) |
| Measles (rubeola) | Measles virus |
| Rubella | Rubella virus |
| Chicken pox and shingles | Varicella-zoster virus |
| Erythema infectiosum | Parvovirus B19 |
| Oral candidiasis | Candida albicans |
| Ulcers | Helicobacter pylori |
| Intoxications | Staph aureus Bacillus cereus Clostridium perfringens Clostridium botulinum |
| Viral gastroenteritis | Rotavirus Norovirus |
| Noninflammatory gastroenteritis bacterial | Enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC) Vibrio cholerae Clostridium botulinum (infant botulism) |
| Parasitic | Giardia lamblia Cryptosporidium parvum |
| Antiobiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis | Clostridium difficile |
| Invasive gastroenteritis bacterial | Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella Shigella Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC) Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC) |
| Parasitic | Entamoeba histolytica |
| Typhoid fever | Salmonella typhi |
| Nematode infections in small intestine | Ascaris lumbricoides Necator americanus Ancylostoma duodenale Strongyloides stercoralis |
| Nematode infections in large intestine | Trichuris trichiura Enterobius vermicularis |
| Tapeworm infections | Taenia saginata Taenia solium Diphyllobothrium latum |
| Trematode infection | Fasciolopsis buski |
| Fecal-borne hepatitis | Hep A and E |
| Blood-borne hepatitis | Hep B, C, and D |
| Yellow fever | Yellow fever virus |
| Schistosomiasis | Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma japanicum Schistosoma haematobium |
| Liver fluke infections | Clonorchis sinensis Fasciola hepatica |
| Bacterial meningitis | E.coli, Group B strept, Listeria monocytogenes, Haemophilus influenza, Neisseria meningitides, and Strept pneumoniae |
| Viral meningitis | Enteroviruses, Arboviruses, and Herpes simplex virus |
| Amoebic meningoencephalitis | Naegleria fowleri |
| Fungal meningitis | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| Encephalitis | Arboviruses: West Nile virus, La Cross virus, St Louis virus, Eastern equine virus, Western equine virus |
| Rabies | Rabies virus |
| Polio | Polio virus |
| Tetanus | Clostridium tetani |
| Botulism | Clostridium botulinum |
| African sleeping sickness | Trypanosoma brucei |
| CJC | Prions |
| Vector for Leishmaniasis | Sand fly |
| Vector for Elephantiasis | Anopheleses and Culex Mosquito |
| Vector for Guinea worm disease dracunculiasis | Copepods infected with larval worms (spread by drinking contaminated water) |
| Vector for Loiasis | Deerfly |
| Vector for River blindness or onchocerciasis | Black fly found along rivers |
| Vector for Lyme disease | Deer tick |
| Vector for Rocky Mountain spotted fever | Wood tick |
| Vector for epidemic typhus fever | Body louse |
| Vector for endemic or murine typhus fever | Rat flea |
| Vector for anaplasmosis | Deer tick |
| Vector for ehrlichiosis | Lone star tick |
| Vector for babesiosis | Deer tick |
| Endemic | A disease or infectious agent that is habitually present in a community, geographic area, or population group. Often an endemic disease maintains a low but continuous incidence. |
| Epidemic | Occurrence of a disease clearly in excess of normal expectancy. |
| Pandemic | An epidemic that spans a wide geographical area. |
| Incidence | Number of new cases in a defined population over a defined period of time. |
| Prevalence | Total number of cases existing in a defined population at a specific time. |
| Mortality | Occurrence/# of death in a population |
| Morbidity | Occurrence of an illness or illnesses in a population |
| Exposure | Something in the environment that may cause or increase the risk of an adverse health outcome |
| Risk factor | An exposure that is associated with a disease, morbidity, mortality, or adverse health outcome |
| Infectivity | The capacity of the agent to enter and multiple in a susceptible host (measured by secondary attack rate) |
| Pathogenicity | The capacity of the agent to cause disease in the infected host (measured by the proportion of infected individuals with clinical manifestations) |
| Virulence | The severity of the disease (measured by the proportion of the total cases that are severe or, if the disease is fatal, the case fatality rate) |
| Toxigenicity | capacity of the agent to produce a toxin |
| Resistance | The ability of the agent to survive adverse environmental conditions |
| Antigenicity | The ability of the agent to induce antibody production in the host |
| Immunogenicity | The ability to produce specific, long-lasting immunity |
| Confounding | Something other than what was being evaluated caused the results |
| Bias | Any systematic error in the design, conduct, or analysis of a study that results in a mistaken estimate of an exposure's effect on Examples:selection and recall |
| p-value | Expresses the probability that the observed result could have occurred by chance alone p-value of 0.05 means that if the study is done 100 times, 95 of those times will yield the same result Desired p-value is usually set at 0.05 or less |
| Confidence Interval | Range of values within which the “true value” falls Usually set at 95% |
| Inapparent (asymptomatic) infection | Clinical symptoms have not appeared Disease could still be transmitted |
| Incubation period | The time interval between exposure and appearance of the 1st signs and symptoms |
| Colonization | The infectious agent may multiply on the host without causing disease |
Created by:
smithaao
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