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Ch. 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic. |
| compund light microscope | A microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye. The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument is called microscopy. Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope. ... |
| cell theory | the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms; proposed in 1838 by Matthias Schleiden and by Theodor Schwann |
| electron microscope | a microscope with high magnification and resolution, employing electron beams in place of light and using electron lenses. |
| eukaryote | an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria. |
| nucleus | the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth. |
| organelle | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
| prokaryote | a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles. Prokaryotes include the bacteria and cyanobacteria. |
| fluid mosaic model | The 'cell membrane' is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. ... |
| phospholipid | a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule, e.g., lecithin. |
| plasma membrane | a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm. |
| slective permability | |
| transport proteins | A transport protein is a protein which serves the function of moving other materials within an organism. Transport proteins are vital to the growth and life of all living things. There are several different kinds of transport proteins. ... |
| cell wall | a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose. |
| chloroplast | (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. Its molecule contains a magnesium atom held in a porphyrin ring. |
| chromatin | the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA. |
| cilia | plural form of cilium. |
| cytoplasm | the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| cytoskeleton | a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence. |
| endoplasmic reticulm | a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. |
| flagella | a slender threadlike structure, esp. a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc., to swim. |
| golgi apparatus | a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. |
| lysosome | an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. |
| microsilament | a small rodlike structure, about 4–7 nanometers in diameter, present in numbers in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. |
| microtubule | a microscopic tubular structure present in numbers in the cytoplasm of cells, sometimes aggregating to form more complex structures. |
| mitochondria | an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae). |
| nucleolus | a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. |
| plastid | any of a class of small organelles, such as chloroplasts, in the cytoplasm of plant cells, containing pigment or food. |
| vacuole | a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid. |
| ribosome | a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells |
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