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chapter 7 vocabulary
definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | basic unit of all organisms; all living things are composed of cells. |
| cell theory | the theory that all organisms are composed of one or more cells. |
| compound light microscope | instrument that uses light and a series of lenses to magnify objects in steps; can magnify an object up to 1500 times its original size. |
| electron microscope | instrument that uses a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify structures up to 500,000 times its actual size; allows scientist s to view structures within a cell. |
| eukaryote | unicellular or multicellular organisms, such as yeast, plants, and animals, composed of eukaryotic cells, which contain a tree nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. |
| nucleus | in eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA. |
| organelle | membrane-bound structures with particular structures with particular functions within eukaryotic cells. |
| prokaryote | unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, each of which is composed of a prokaryotic cell. prokaryotic cells lack internal membrane-bound structures. |
| fluid mosaic model | structural model of the plasma membrane where molecules are free to move sideways within a lipid bilayer. |
| phospholipid | lipids with an attached phosphate group; plasma membranes are composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. |
| plasma membrane | flexible boundary between the cell and its environment; allows materials such as water and nutrients to enter and waste products to leave. |
| selective permeability | feature of the plasma membrane that maintains homeostasis within a cell by allowing some molecules into the cells while keeping others out. |
| transport proteins | proteins that span the plasma membrane creating a selectively permeable membrane that regulates which molecules enter and leave a cell. |
| cell wall | fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists; provides support and protection. |
| chlorophyll | light-absorbing pigment in plants and some protists that is required for photosynthesis; absorbs most wavelengths of light except for green. |
| chloroplast | chlorophyll containing organelles found in the cells of green plants and some protists; capture light energy and converted it to chemical energy. |
| chromatin | long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus; condense to form chromosomes. |
| cilia | short, nuerous, hairlike projections composed of pairs of microtubules; frequently aid in locomotion. |
| cytoplasm | clear, gelatinous fluid in cells that is the site of numerous, chemical reactions,; in eukaryotic cells, it suspends the cells organelles. |
| cytoskeleton | cellular framework found within the cytoplasm composed of microtubules and microfilaments. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | organelle in eukaryotic cells with a series of highly folded membranes surrounded in cytoplasm |
| flagella | |
| Golgi apparatus | |
| lysosome | |
| microfilament | |
| microtubule | |
| mitochondria | |
| nucleolus | |
| plastid | |
| ribosome | |
| vacuole |
Created by:
mnewton756
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