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Chapter 14
Chapter 14 Interactions in Ecosystems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| habitat | includes all of the living and nonliving components of the environment in which an organism lives |
| ecological niche | part of an environment that a species uses to survive and reproduce, includes physical, chemical, and biological factors |
| competitive exclusions | when 2 species are competing for the same resources, 1 will be better suited to the niche and the other will be pushed into another niche or become extinct |
| ecological equivalent | species that occupy similar niches but live in different geographical regions, niches have similar resources and adaptations |
| competition | when 2 organisms fight for the same limited resources |
| predation | occurs when 1 organism captures and feeds upon another organism |
| symbiosis | close ecological relationship between 2 or more organisms of different species |
| mutualism | interaction in which both organisms benefit |
| commensalism | relationship in which 1 organism benefits and the other is neither benefits or is harmed |
| parasitism | relationship in which 1 species benefits(parasite) and the other is harmed (host) |
| population density | measurement of the number of individuals living in a defined space |
| population dispersion | way in which individuals of a population are distributed, or spead out, in an area |
| clumped dispersion | individuals live close together in groups |
| uniform dispersion | individuals live at specific distances from 1 another |
| random dispersion | individuals are spread randomly in an area |
| Type I surviorship curve | typical of humans, few deaths of infant organisms and most survive to old age |
| Type II surviorship curve | typical of birds and reptiles, have equal chances of living or dying, from predation or disease |
| Type III surviorship curve | typical of fish, amphibians, and plants, have large number of offspring, produce many eggs or seeds, many of offspring will die from predation, but few will survive to adulthood |
| immigration | movement of individuals into a population from another population |
| emigration | movement of individuals out of a population and into another population |
| carrying capacity | maximum number of individuals of a particular species that the environment can support |
| population crash | large decrease in the size of a population over a short period of time |
| limiting factor | factor that has the greatest effect on limiting population |
| density-dependent limiting factors | limiting factors that are affected by the population density, or the number of individuals living in a given area |
| density-independent limiting factors | limiting factors that affect the size of any population, no matter what density of individuals live in an area |
| succession | sequence of changes that recreates a damaged community or creates a new community in an area that was not inhabited before |
| primary succession | development of an ecosystem in an area that was not inhabited before |
| pioneer species | first organisms that move into an area that was not inhabited before |
| secondary succession | regrowth of a damaged ecosystem in a area that still has healthy soil |
Created by:
amypritt
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