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zoo141 Chapter 6

parts of long bones/ cells in bone tissue/ osseous tissue/

QuestionAnswer
PARTS OF LONG BONES, diaphysis shaft
PARTS OF LONG BONES, epiphysis end
PARTS OF LONG BONES, metaphysis narrow zone between epiphysis and shaft
PARTS OF LONG BONES, articular cartilage covers portions of epiphysis that articulate with other bones
PARTS OF LONG BONES periosteum covers outer surface of bone
PARTS OF LONG BONES medullary cavity contains bone marrow, red or yellow
PARTS OF LONG BONES endosteum lines inside of medullary cavity
CELLS IN BONE TISSUE osteocytes mature bone cells occupying pockets called lacunae, which are connected by narrow passageways called canaliculi
CELLS IN BONE TISSUE osteoblasts produce new bone matrix (called osteoid), in process called osteogenesis or ossification
CELLS IN BONE TISSUE osteoclasts remove and recycle bone matrix, in process called osteolysis
CELLS IN BONE TISSUE osteoprogenitor cells mesenchymal cells that differentiate into osteoblasts
compact bone is composed of osteons, central, perforating canals, and lamellae
osteons, haversian systems functional unit of compact bone
central, perforating canals contains blood vessels
lamellae (concentric, circumferential, interstitial): bone layers
spongy bone is composed of trabeculae and lamellae
trabeculae network of bony struts and plates
Appositional bone growth (increases diameter of existing bones, but does not form the original bones):
osteoprogenitor cells in periosteum differentiate into osteoblasts, which deposit osteoid tissue on the bone surface
Endochondral ossification forms most long bones
primary ossification center forms in diaphysis
chodrocytes enlarge and die in diaphysis
osteoblasts enter, create spongy bone in diaphysis
osteoclasts break down spongy bone, create medullary cavity
secondary ossification centers form in epiphyses
bone grows longer at the epiphyseal cartilage, as osteoblasts replace cartilage with bone on the shaft side of the epiphyseal cartilage, and new cartilage is added on the epiphyseal side. In adults, the epiphyseal cartilage is replaced by a bony epiphyseal line.
Created by: btuehara
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