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zoo141 Chapter 5
NAILS/age related skin changes/hormonal effects/skin repair
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nail body | visible portion of nail |
| nail root | portion of nail lying underneath skin |
| lunula | pale crescent of nail near root |
| nail bed | epidermis beneath nail |
| eponychium | part of stratum corneum overlying proximal part of nail |
| hyponychium | part of stratum corneum underneath distal part of nail |
| decreased germinative cell activity | epidermis thins |
| decreased sebaceous and sweat gland activity | decreased perspiration, drier skin |
| decreased melanocyte activity | gray/white hairs, increased sunburn risk |
| decreased number of dendritic cells | decreased immune response |
| decreased number of active hair follicles | fewer hairs |
| decreased blood flow to dermis | decreased ability to lose body heat |
| [Hormonal effects on integument] thyroid gland hormones | maintain blood flow to dermis |
| [Hormonal effects on integument] glucocorticoids | loosen connections between keratinocytes |
| [Hormonal effects on integument] sex hormones, epidermal growth factor | stimulate epidermal cell divisions |
| [Hormonal effects on integument] growth hormone | stimulates fibroblast activity and collagen synthesis |
| [Steps in integumentary repair] initial injury | bleeding, mast cells release histamine |
| histamine | inflammatory response |
| [Steps in integumentary repair] after several hours | a. blood clot → scab, b. macrophages phagocytize debris, c. granulation tissue starts to form |
| [Steps in integumentary repair] after one week | a. epidermal cells migrate underneath scab, b. fibroblasts produce collagen fibers in dermis |
| [Steps in integumentary repair] after several weeks | a. epidermal repair is complete, b. scar tissue completes repair process in dermis |