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Chapter 11
Evolution of Populations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| gene poool | made up of all of the alleles of all of the individuals in a population |
| allele frequency | measure of how common an allele is in a population |
| mutation | random change in DNA |
| recombination | new combinations of alleles form during meiosis, parent's alleles are arranged in new ways |
| normal distribution | frequency is highest for the middle, or mean phenotype, and lowest at eht 2 ends or extremes |
| microevolution | observable change in the allele frequencies for a population over time |
| directional selection | selection favors a phenotype at 1 end, or extreme, of a range |
| stabalizing selection | selection that favors the middle, or intermediate, phenotye |
| disruptive selection | selection that favors both extreme phenotypes |
| gene flow | movement of alleles from 1 population to another |
| genetic drift | changes in allele frequencies that are due to chance |
| bottleneck effect | genetic drift that occurs after a population has been greatly reduced in size |
| founder effect | genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals begin to live in a new area |
| sexual selection | occurs when a trait increases mating success and gets passed on to the next generation |
| reproductive isolation | when memebers of different populations can no longer mate successfully |
| speciation | process of 1 species becoming 2 or more seperate species |
| behavioral isolation | isolation caused by differences in courtship and mating behaviors |
| geographic isolation | physical barriers results in division of population into 2 or more groups |
| temporal isolation | when timing prevents reproduction between populations |
| cnvergent evolution | unrelated species evolve similar characteristics |
| divergent evolution | closely related species evolve in different directions and become increaseingly different |
| coevolution | process in which 2 or more species evolve in response to changes in each other |
| extinction | permanent loss of species from Earth |
| puncuated equilibrium | long periods of little change are interrupted by shorter periods on intense evolutionary events, such as speciation |
| adaptive radiation | when evolution splits 1 species into a number of different species, each adapted to a different evnvironment |
Created by:
amypritt
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