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nucleic acids terms
structure of nucleic acids terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anti | parallel |
| Complementary | Term used to refer to the natural pairing of the nitrogen bases within DNA and RNA. In DNA, cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine with thymine. In RNA, the thymine is replaced with uracil, which pairs with adenine. Each member of these pairs are said to |
| Deoxyribose | A five |
| Double | stranded helix |
| Ester bond | In DNA, refers to the oxygen |
| Glycosidic Bond | In DNA, refers to the nitrogen |
| Helical Twist | The angular rotation needed to get from one nucleotide to another in helical structures. |
| Hydrogen Bonding | Weak, noncovalent linkages between a donor and an acceptor which, when lined up next to each other, have favorable electrostatic interactions. Provide small amount of stability to DNA and RNA helices. Provide specificity of the interactions between polynu |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor | A group with at least one free lone pair of electrons. In DNA and RNA, common acceptor groups include: carbonyls, hydroxyls, and tertiary amines. |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor | A group with a free hydrogen group. In DNA and RNA, common donors include secondary amines and hydroxyl groups. |
| Major groove | In a helix, refers to the larger of the unequal grooves that are formed as a result of the double |
| Minor groove | In a helix, refers to the smaller of the unequal grooves that are formed as a result of the double |
| Nitrogen Base | One of three components of a nucleotide, nitrogen bases come in two general types: purines and pyrimidines. Of the four nitrogen bases, adenine and guanine are purines, while cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines. Through hydrogen bonding, base pairs link |
| Nucleic Acid | A chain of nucleotides joined together by phosphodiester bonds. Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. |
| Nucleotide | A five |
| Phosphate Backbone | Refers to the structural organization of the DNA double |
| Phosphate Group | One of three components of a nucleotide, comprised of a central phosphorous surrounded by four oxygens. The phosphate links to the sugar group, carries a negative charge because of the chemical interaction between phosphorous and oxygen, and forms the ext |
| Phosphodiester linkage | In a polynucleotide, refers to the bond between the 3' hydroxyl of a sugar group in a nucleotide and a phosphate group attached to the 5' carbon of another sugar group. |
| Pitch | In a helix, refers to the vertical distance traveled in one full turn (360 degrees of twist). |
| Primary Structure | In DNA and RNA, refers to the linear sequence of base pairs or amino acids in a polynucleotide chain. |
| Purine | One of two categories of nitrogen base ring compounds found in DNA and RNA. A purine is a nine |
| Pyrimidine | One of two categories of nitrogen base ring compounds found in DNA and RNA. A six |
| Ribose | The sugar group of RNA, a five |
| Right Hand Rule | A trick used to quickly determine the "handedness" or orientation of a helix. In a right |
| Rise | In a helix, the vertical distance traveled when moving from one base pair to the adjacent base pair. |
| Secondary Structure | In DNA and RNA, the local folding patterns of a polynucleotide based on complementary base |
| Sugar Group | One of three components of a nucleotide, a five |
| Tertiary Structure | In DNA and RNA, the complex three |
Created by:
vcopeland
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