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life cycles of plant
life cycles of plant terms/ q&a
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alternation of Generations | The fluctuation between the diploid (sporophyte) and haploid (gametophyte) life stages that occurs in plants. |
| Angiosperm | A vascular flowering plant in which seeds are enclosed inside of protective ovaries. |
| Archegonium | The female sex organ of terrestrial plants; where egg cells are produced. |
| Bryophyte | A lower terrestrial plant (often a moss or liverwort) that lacks a vascular system and is dependent on environmental moisture for reproductive and nutritive functions. |
| Bulb | Roughly spherical underground bud containing additional buds that can develop asexually into new plants. A form of vegetative propagation. |
| Cross | pollination |
| Diploid | Having two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. |
| Double Fertilization | The mechanism of angiosperm fertilization that involves the joining of haploid gametes to create a diploid zygote, and the simultaneous joining of a second sperm cell with a fusion nucleus to create a triploid nucleus (which becomes endosperm). |
| Endosperm | A substance, formed from a triploid nucleus in angiosperm reproduction, that nourishes a developing embryo within a seed. |
| Fragmentation | A form of vegetative propagation in which a severed plant part develops into a whole new plant. |
| Fusion Nucleus | The diploid product formed by the joining of the two polar nuclei in the angiosperm ovule. |
| Gamete | A haploid sex cell (either an egg or sperm cell); male and female gametes join during fertilization to create a diploid zygote. |
| Gametophyte | A haploid plant or plant structure that produces haploid gametes through mitosis. |
| Grafting | An artificial form of vegetative propagation in which parts of two young plants are joined together, first by artificial means and then by tissue regeneration. |
| Gymnosperm | A vascular non |
| Haploid | Having only one set of chromosomes. |
| Heterospory | The reproductive phenomenon, characteristic of gymnosperms and angiosperms, whereby spores of two distinct sexes are produced; these spores develop into sex |
| Megaspore | Female spore; gives rise to a female gametophyte. |
| Meiosis | Cell division that results in cells with half the chromosomes of the parent cell. |
| Microspore | Male spore; gives rise to a male gametophyte. |
| Ovary | In plants, the protective structure that holds the ovules and surrounds the angiosperm seed; after fertilization, develops into a fruit. |
| Ovule | Structure that contains the female gametophyte and gametes; after fertilization, develops into a seed. |
| Pistil | The female reproductive organ of the flower, composed of a stigma, style, and ovary; sometimes called the carpel. |
| Polar Nuclei | Two nuclei, contained within the same cell, that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction; unite in the ovule to form a fusion nucleus, which gives rise to endosperm when fertilized. |
| Pollen Grain | The male gametophyte of gymnosperms and angiosperms. |
| Pollen Tube | The outgrowth of a pollen grain that creates a path through the female sex organ in order to penetrate to the egg cells. |
| Runner | Slender horizontal stem that can give rise, via specialized nodes, to new plants. |
| Scale Leaf | Very small structure on the surface of a tuber that contains a bud from which a new plant can arise. |
| Scion | Twig or bud that is grafted onto a plant with roots (called the stock) and develops into a new shoot system. |
| Self | pollination |
| Sporangium | The part of a plant where spores are produced. |
| Spore | Haploid cell from which a gametophyte is produced. |
| Sporophyte | A diploid plant or plant structure that produces haploid spores through meiosis. |
| Stigma | The top part of the pistil, where pollen grains are received. |
| Stock | Plant with a root system onto which a twig or bud from another plant (called a scion) is grafted. |
| Tracheophyte | A terrestrial plant with a vascular system. |
| Triploid | Having three sets of chromosomes. |
| Tuber | Fleshy underground storage structure, composed of an enlarged portion of the stem, that has on its surface buds capable of producing new plants. |
| Vascular System | Mechanism of internal water and nutrient transport, characteristic of tracheophytes; made up of the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. |
| Vascular Tissue | A conductive component (either xylem or phloem) of the system that transports food and nutrients throughout the plant body. |
| Vegetative Propagation | A form of asexual reproduction in which plants produce genetically identical offshoots (clones) of themselves, which then develop into independent plants. |
| Zygote | The diploid product of fertilization that develops into an embryo. |
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vcopeland
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