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Bio Chp 4
Life Cycle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of cell have been injected into the heart for experimental research? | Immature muscle cells |
| What is an LM? | Light microscope |
| What are two important factors in microscopy? | Magnification and resolving power |
| What is magnification? | An increase in objects apparent size compared with it's actual size |
| What is resolving power? | The defines the clarity of a magnified image; the ability of an optical instrument to show two objects as separate |
| Who is Robert Hooke and what was he known for? | A British scientist who discovered the first cells by examining a thin slice of cork from the bark of an oak tree in 1665 |
| What is cell theory? | All living things are composed of cells and that all cells arise from previously existing cells |
| What is an electron microscope? | A microscope that uses a beam of electrons to resolve objects |
| What are organelles? | structures with a specialized function within a cell |
| What is an SEM and what is it used for? | Scanning electron microscope used to examine the surface of a cell |
| What is a TEM and what is it used for? | Transmission electron microscope used to examine the internal structures of a cell |
| What are two differences between a light and electron microscope? | One uses light vs electrons and electron microscopes the specimen is dead vs alive with a light microscope |
| What are the two basic catagories of cells? | Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells |
| What are some characteristics of Prokaryotic cells? | Prokaryotic cells are smaller, simpler in structure, DNA located in a nucleoid region which is not separted from rest of cell by a membrane |
| What are some characteristics of Eukaryotic cells? | Larger, more complex structures, nucleus enclosed by membrane, containes many types of organelles |
| What do ribosomes do? | Build proteins by linking amino acids into sequence |
| What regulates traffic in and out of a cell? | Plasma membrane |
| What is flagella? | structure on prokaryotes that project them through a liquid environment |
| What is the membrane enclosed organelle that contains DNA? | A nucleus |
| What is cytoplasm? | The entire region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane |
| Fluid suspension that contains various organelles. | cytosol |
| What are three differences between plant cells and animal cells? | Plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall and a central vacuole; animal cells do not |
| What are chloroplasts? | Organelles that convert light energy to the chemical energy of food |
| What is the plasma membrane made of? | A fluid mosaic of protiens and lipids; specifically: phosolipids |
| What is special about the phosolipid structure? | They have only 2 fatty acid tails; instead it has a phosphate group in place of the 3rd fatty acid |
| How is the phospholipid layer composed? | The phosphate group is electrically charged making it hydrophilic while the 2 fatty acid tails are hydrophobic thus creating a bilayer |
| What is found within the phospholipid bilayer? | protiens performing various functions |
| What is meant by the term fluid mosaic? | The phospolipids and protiens are freely moving past one another (fluid) and because of the diversity of protiens (mosaic) |
| What is the sticky coat on the outside of animal cells? | extracellular matrix |
| What is the purpose of extracellular matrix? | Helps hold cells together in tissues; protective and supportive functions |
| What are cell junctions? | Connect cells to other cells allowing them to function in a coordinated way as part of a tissue |
| What is a gene? | A stretch of DNA htat contains the code for the structure of a specific protien |
| What is a nuclear envelope? | A double membrane surrounding the nucleus |
| What is the purpose of pores in the nuclear envelope? | Allows the passage of material between the nucleus and the cytoplasm |
| What is chromatin made of? | They are long molecules of DNA and proteins |
| What is a chromosome? | A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells |
| What is the nucleolus made of? | Ball-like mass of fibers and granuals |
| What does the nucleolus do? | Produces the component parts of ribosomes |
| What is the function of ribosomes? | Responsible for protien synthesis |
| Where do ribosomes reside? | In the cysotsol of the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum |
| What is the importance of the differences in ribosomal make-up of prokaryotes vs eukaryotes? | Certain antibiotic drugs can bind to and disrupt bacterial ribosomes while igorning human ones |
| What is mRNA? | a molecule with genetic information from the DNA |
| What is the purpose of mRNA? | To bind to ribosomes and produce a protein of specific nucleaic acid sequence |
| Includes the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, and Vacuoles. | Endomembrane System |
| What are the two types of Enodplasmic Reticulum (ER)? | Smooth ER and Rough ER |
| What is the ER? | It is the main manufacturing faclility of various molecules in the cell |
| What are the functions of the Rough ER? | To produce membrane proteins and secretory proteins, production of new membrane |
| Membranous spheres that bud from the ER. | Transport Vesicles |
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HANEYSL
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