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cell respiration
cell resp terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acetyl Coenzyme A | A small molecule that carries acetyl functional groups in cells. Composed of an acetyl group attached to a coenzyme A molecule. The starting product of the citric acid cycle. |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | The molecule from which cells derive energy. |
| Aerobic respiration | A metabolic process involving oxygen in the breakdown of glucose. |
| Anabolic | Term describing enzyme-catalyzed reactions in a cell that involves the synthesis of complex molecules out of simpler subunits and which uses energy. |
| Anaerobic respiration | A metabolic process that does not involve oxygen in the breakdown of glucose |
| Carbohydrate | A molecular compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Subunits are sugars. |
| Catabolic | Term describing enzyme-catalyzed reactions in a cell that involve the degradation of molecules into more simple subunits with the release of energy. |
| Chemotroph | An organism that derives its energy from the ingestion of food molecules. |
| Citric acid cycle | Also known as the Krebs Cycle; a metabolic pathway found in aerobic organisms that oxidizes acetyl coA groups to carbon dioxide and water. |
| Coenzyme | A molecule that participates in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction and functions to transfer atoms or electrons between itself and various molecules |
| Elimination reaction | A reaction that involves the ejection of a specific group from a molecule, often resulting in the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond. |
| Glycolysis | A metabolic pathway occurring in the cell *cytosol that during a series of reactions converts glucose to pyruvate and synthesizes ATP**. |
| Isomerization | A reaction that does not change the atomic make-up of a molecule, but rather changes its geometric conformation, yielding a slightly different molecule. |
| Lipid | An organic molecule that is insoluble in water. A main component of cell membranes. |
| Metabolism | All the reactions occurring in an organism that participate in the acquisition or conversion of energy for use in the organism. |
| Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide | A coenzyme that participates in oxidation and reduction reactions. An important electron carrier in oxidative phosphorylation. |
| Oxidation | A reaction that involves the overall loss of electrons from a specific molecule or atom. Can occur with the addition of an oxygen or by the removal of a hydrogen. |
| Oxidative phosphorylation | A process occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons to oxygen. |
| Photosynthesis | A process in which plants convert sunlight into energy sources that can be used inside the cell to sustain life. |
| Phototroph | Organisms that obtain energy from sun light through photosynthesis. |
| Protein | An essential molecule found in all cells. Composed of amino acid subunits. |
| Reduction | A reaction that results in the overall gain of electrons to a specific molecule or atom. Can occur with the addition of a hydrogen atom or by the removal of an oxygen atom. |
| Respiration | A process that occurs in cells in which cells breakdown food molecules to yield ATP. Can be either aerobic or anaerobic. |
Created by:
vcopeland
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