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Music EXAM 1
Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Motive | characteristic musical phrase or fragment that is used as a building block of a musical composition |
| Octave | is the interval between one musical pitch and another with half or double its frequency |
| Overtone | pitch created by the secondary vibrations of a string, air column, and the like; an aspect of the tone color of a voice or instrument |
| Beat | Underlying pulse of the music |
| Partial | specific overtone in a harmonic series that vibrate 2,3,4 etc. times as fast as the fundamental pitch |
| Harmonic Series | sequence of all multiples of a base frequency |
| Cantus Firmus | a fixed melody( Usually a pre-existing melody from chant) |
| Chords | Collection of 3 or more pitches to make a some sort of sound |
| Conjunct | Stepping to a adjacent pitch |
| Consonance | notes that are put together that sounds pleasant |
| Disjunct | Skipping a pitch |
| Dissonance | Notes that are put together to form a displeasing sound |
| Downbeat | First beat of each group/ meter |
| Dynamics | The levels of loudness or softness |
| Fundamental Pitch | The sound vibrating at it's full length |
| Gregorian Chants | Latin texts sang in unison without a specific rhythm or accompaniment( usually part of church service) |
| Homophonic | A musical texture where many notes are being played at once, the notes are moving in the same rhythm, melody and accompaniment |
| Imitative polyphony | Each voice imitates the previous one, playing the same melody but at different pitches |
| Interval | Distance between two different pitches |
| Melody | A set of musical notes that are designed to be sang or played in succession( combination of rhythm and pitch |
| Meter | Grouping of beats |
| Monophonic | music with a single melodic line sound like sound the same and played in unison |
| Motets | Melodies accompanying the chant |
| Phrase | a segment of melody |
| Polyphony | type of texture of melody that is filled with autonomous music |
| Rhythm | Sequence of music in musical time, |
| Strophic | Each of the verse is sang to the same music |
| Subject | Main melody of a fugue |
| Tempo | Number of beats per minute |
| Texture | Consisting of more than one melodic line and adding of different instruments, describes what you hear |
| Theme | Reoccurring/ main melody |
| Timbre/ Tone Color | musical tones of same notes, pitch and rhythm sound different on different instruments |
| Antiphonal | Sung by alternating sides of the choir |
| Counter Point | Putting one note against each other( art of creating simultaneous independent melodies) |
| Gloria | Portion of the ordinary mass |
| Kyrie | The First part of the ordinary mass |
| liturgy | works of music that make up sacred festivals and ceremonies |
| Mass | Central service in the christian church |
| Melisma | Florid melody sung by a single melody |
| Ordinary | Sung by portions of the mass, texts that do not change according to the church calender |
| Organum | style of medieval polyphonic liturgical music |
| Proper | Texts from certain chants of the mass that vary according to the church calender |
| Sequence | Short passage of music that is repeated several times, either at progressively higher or lower notes |
| troubadour | poet/musician in southern france during twelfth and thirteen century composing secular monophonic songs |
| Syllabic | text setting where each syllable has one note |
| trouvere | poet/musician in northern france during twelfth and thirteen century composing secular monophonic songs |
| Madrigal | a polyphonic setting of secular poem in a modern language |
| Soprano | Higher range of female voices |
| Tenor | Higher range of male voices |
| Alto | Lower range of female voices |
| Bass | Lower range of male voices |
| Point of imitation | procedure by which each voice of polyphonic texture enters using the same motive |
| cadence | an effective close of music phrase or statement |
| Canon | An imitative style that is always continuous. voices are always following each other and they sing exactly the same music through out ( Row Row Row your fucking boat) |
| Neumatic | Style of chant or other vocal setting that have two or three notes per syllable |
| Suspension | a means of creating of creating tension by prolonging a constant note by changing the underlying harmony |
| Cornett | Early wind instrument that weirdly resembles a penis |
| Word painting | a musical technique that uses music to make sounds forexample a flute sound could resemble wind blowing |
| Basso Continuo / Figured Bass | music system that of partially improvised accompaniment played on a bass line |
| Harmony | Use of simultaneous pitches and chords to form music |
| libretto | text for a work for musical theatre |
| Opera | kind of a performance where actors sing all the words of a play with music performed by a orchestra |
| Recitative | type of musical delivery where singer uses ordinary rhythms in speech to formulate their music |
| Toccata | Musical form for keyboard instrument consisting of extreme high skill with many chords, high harmonies and rapid runs |
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