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Chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cells | the basic units of living organisms |
| Compound Light Microscopes | use a series of lenses to magnify objects in steps;can magnify objects to about 1500 times |
| Cell Theory | made of 3 main ideas:1-All organisms are composed of one or more cells;2-The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms;3-All cells come from preexisting cells |
| Electron Microscope | uses a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify structures up to 500 000 times there actual size |
| Organelles | membrane bond structures with particular functions within/eukaryotic cells |
| Prokaryotes | unicellular organisms,such as bacteria,do not have membrane bound organelles |
| Eukaryotes | unicellular or multicellular organisms,such as yeast,plants and animals,which contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
| Nucleus | the central membrane bound organelle that manages or controls cellular functions |
| Plasma Membrane | flexible boundary between the cell and its environment;allows nutrients to enter and waste products to leave |
| Selective Permeability | a process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out |
| Phospholipid | lipids with an attached phosphate group;plasma membranes are composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins |
| Fluid Mosaic Model | the model of the plasma membrane |
| Transport Proteins | proteins that span the plasma membrane creating a selectively permeable membrane that regulates which molecules enter and leave a cell |
| Cell Wall | fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection |
| Chromation | long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus;condense to form chromosomes |
| Nucleolus | organelle in cell nucleus that produces ribosomes |
| Ribosomes | nonmembrane-bound organelles in the nucleus where proteins are assembled |
| Cytoplasm | clear,gelatinous fluid in cells that is the site of numerous chemical reactions |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | site of cellular chemical reactions;can either be rough(with ribosomes)or smooth(without ribosomes) |
| Golgi Apparatus | is a flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies the proteins;sorts and packs proteins and sends them to their appropriate destination |
| Vacuole | membrane bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials |
| Lysosome | organelles that contain digestive enzymes |
| Chloroplast | are cell organelles that capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy |
| Plastids | group of plant organelles that are used for storage of starches,lipids,or pigments |
| Chlorophyll | traps light energy and gives leaves and stems their green color |
| Mitochondria | are membrane-bound organelles in plant and animal cells that transform energy for the cell |
| Cytoskeleton | cellular framework found within the cytoplasm composed of microtubules and microfilaments |
| Microtubules | thin hollow cylinders made of protein that provide structural support for eukaryotic cells |
| Microfilaments | thin solid protein fibers that provide structural support for eukaryotic cells |
| Cilia | short numerous hairlike projections composed of pairs of microtubules |
| Flagella | are longer projections that move with a whip like motion |
Created by:
alejos
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