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Biology Chapter 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | basic unit of all organisms |
| cell theory | the theory that (1) all organisms are composed of one or more cells, (2) the cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms,(3) all cells come from preexisting cells |
| compound light microscope | instrument that uses light and a series of lenses to magnify objects in steps |
| electron microscope | instrument that uses a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify structures up to 500,000 times actual size |
| eukaryote | unicellular or multicellular organisms, such as yeast, plants, and animals, composed of eukaryotic cells, which contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
| nucleus | positively charged center of an atom composed of nuetrons and positively charged protons, and surrounded by negatively charged electrons |
| organelle | membrane-bound structures with particular functions within eukaryotic cells |
| prokaryote | unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, each of which is composed of a prokaryotic cell. |
| fluid mosaic model | structural model of the plasma membrane where molecules are free to move sideways within a lipid bilayer |
| phospholipid | lipids with an attached phosphate group |
| plasma membrane | flexible boundary between the cell and its environment |
| selective permeability | feature of the plasma membrane that maintains homeostasis within a cell by allowing some molecules into the cell while keeping others out. |
| transport proteins | proteins that span the plasma membrane creating a selectively permeable membrane that regulates which molecules enter and leave a cell. |
| cell wall | fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists |
| chlorophyll | light-absorbing pigment in plants and some protists that is required for photosynthesis |
| chloroplast | chlorophyll-containing organelles found in the cells of green plants and some protists |
| chromatin | long strands of DNA found in the eukaryote cell nucleus |
| cilia | short, numerous, hairlike projections composed of pairs of microtubules |
| cytoplasm | clear, gelatinous fluid in cells hat is the site of numerous chemical reactions |
| cytoskeleton | cellular framework found within the cytoplasm composed of microtubules and microfilaments |
| endoplasmic reticulum | organelle in eukaryotic cells with a series of highly folded membranes surrounded in cytoplasm |
| flagella | long projections composed of microtubules |
| Golgi apparatus | organelle in eukaryotic cells with a system of flattened tubular membranes |
| lysosome | organelles that contain digestive enzymes |
| microfilament | thin, solid protein fibers that provide structural support for eukaryotic cells |
| microtubule | thin, hollow cylinders made of protein that provide structural support for eukaryotic cells |
| mitochondria | eukaryotic membrane-bound organelles that transform energy stored in food molecules |
| nucleolus | organelle in eukaryotic cell nucleus |
| plastid | group of plant organelles that are used for storage of starches, lipids, or pigments |
| ribosome | nonmembrane-bound organelles in the nucleus where proteins are assembled |
| vacuole | membrane-bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials |
Created by:
david.maness2010
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