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Med-Surg Test 3
Muscloskeletal system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Discuss the elements of data collection for the MS system | history, physical exam, Dx tests, circulation, sensation, mobility, pain |
| Identify common Dx tests used in the evaluation of MS disorders (13) | radiographic films, CT, MRI, arthrogram, arthroscopy, arthrocentesis, synovial fluid analysis, bone densitometry, bone scan, electromyography, biopsy, blood tests, urine tests |
| Discuss the NM of pts undergoing test for MS disorders | compile allergy history - iodine & seafood are contraindicated for arthrograms and contrast medium tests. does protocols for examinations, identifies and sends collected specimens to lab and manages pts safe recovery |
| Discuss the nursing process r/t pt w MS injury | check dressings, swelling/bleeding, application of cold, analgesic meds, VS, check neurovascular status, promote comfort, ROM |
| Sprains def | injury to a ligament surrounding the joint |
| Strains def | muscle is stretched beyond its capacity |
| Contusions def | soft tissue injury from a blow or blunt trauma |
| dislocation def | when articular spaces of a joint are no longer intact. hip and knee are most common |
| subluxations def | partial dislocation |
| Describe various types and classifications of fractions | Open (compound) fracture - skin and mucous membranes bones can protrude through the skin. Closed - remain contained and dont break skin |
| Discuss the complications associated w a fracture (7) | Deformity, edema, ecchymosis, pain, muscle spasms, impaired sensation, crepitus (sound of bone moving over one another or air popping) |
| Identify specific fractures & their appropriate nursing & medical care (7) | Tx depends on initial first aide given, location, severity of the break and age of pt (test!). Prevent further injury and reestablish function. traction, open/closed reduction, internal/external fixation, reduction & bone setting, cast. Need wire cutters |
| Discuss the complications for the pt with a hip fracture | complications - pneumonia, DVT, infection, osteomyelitis, pulmonary embolism - big concern. shortening of extremity and external rotation. hypovolemic shock. discontinuity of bone and muscle spasms |
| Rheumatoid arthritis def | systemic inflammatory disorder of CT & joints causing swelling. progress. most serious form for arthritis |
| Degenerative Joint Disease/Osteoarthritis def | most common form of arthritis, called wear/tear disease that affects weight bearing joint, doesnt have remission or exacerbation. Bone surfaces rub together |
| Gout def | painful metabolic disoder involving an inflammatory reaction in the joints. pt unable to metabolize purines(end products of protein digestion) found in organ meats & shellfish. Affected great toe, feet, hands, ankles, elbows, knees |
| Osteomyelitis def | bacteria reach the bone thru the blood stream can be acute 4-6 wks or chronic, staph causes 70-80% of bone infections. Can result of open fractures or punctures wounds/decub ulcers. xrays r inconclusive in early stages, bone scans & MRI's are more useful |
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome def | caused by compression of median nerve in index and ring finger. tx - steroids, pain meds, surgery, wrist splints. NI pillows, strengthening exercise, heat and cold applications |
| Lupus erythematosus def | CT disease - antibodies destroy CT. SLE major type - affects multiple body systems. More common in woman then men. May be autoimmune. Known as the great imitator because the clinical signs can resemble other conditions. |
| amputations def | AKA,BKA. results from trauma or to control disease or disability. Complications include hematoma, hemorrhage, infection, chronic osteomyelitis, burning pain. Phantom limb pain can also occur - normal. rehab is suggested |
| Identify s/sx of bone tumors | pain when weight bearing, bone deformed and swelling over extremity, movement decreased and fractures occur easily. Dx tests determine tumors. Grow slowly and do not metastasize |
| Heberdens nodes def | bony enlargement of the distal interphalangal joints |
| hyperuricemia def | accumulation of uric acid in the blood caused by problems in uric acid production, excretion or both. 2 types - primary and secondary |
| primary hyperuricemia | severe dieting or starvation - excessive eating of shellfish, sardines, organ meats, heredity |
| secondary hyperuricemia | abnormal purine metabolism, maybe d/t alcoholism or excessive use of asa/diuretics |
| uric acid def | crystallizes in body tissues & deposits in soft & bony tissues causing inflammation & irritation. |
| epicondylitis def | tennis elbow |
| ganglion cyst def | mass that develops near tendon sheeth |
| osteoporosis def | most common in vertebrae, hip and wrist. tx - calcium, wt bearing exercises, pain mgmt. discuss home safety measures because of falls risk |
| AKA def | above knee amputation |
| BKA | below knee amputation |
| 3 types of casts | cylinder (arm/leg), hip spica (surrounds one or both legs and trunk), body (encircles trunk from nipple to iliac crest) |
| Open/Closed Reduction | Open - bone surgically exposed/realigned. Closed - bone restore to normal position by external manipulation (cast,bandage,split, traction) |
| Internal/External Fixation | External - metal pins inserted into bone from outside skin surface. Internal - after reduction bone is secured w metal screws, plates, rods, nails, or pins |
| NI for hip fracture | use abductor pillow for hip fracture, dont allow pt to flex hips beyond 90 degree, remind not to cross legs, pt may get UTI or constipation |
| kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis def | kyphosis - convex curve of thoracic spine (humpback), lordosis - concave curve of lumbar spine (swayback), scoliosis - lateral surve of spine |
Created by:
breinard
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