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chapter 11
evolution of population
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| gene pool | made up of all alleles of all of the individuals in a population |
| allele frequency | measure of how common an allele is in a population |
| normal distribution | the frequency is highest for the middle, or mean phenotype, and lowest at the two ends, or extreme phenotype |
| mircoevolution | the observable change in the allele frequencies of a population over time |
| directional selection | selection that favors a phenotype at one end, or extreme, of a range |
| stabilizing selection | selection that favors the middle, or intermediate, phenotype |
| disruptive selection | selection that favors both extreme phenotypes |
| gene flow | movement of alleles from one population to another |
| genetic drift | change in allele frequencies that are due to chance |
| bottleneck effect | genetic drift that occurs after a poplution has been greatly reduced in size |
| founder effect | genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals begin to live in a new area |
| sexual selection | occurs when a trait increases mating success and gets passed on to the next generation |
| Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium | model that can be used to study how population is changing |
| reproduction isolation | when members of different population can no longer mate successfully |
| speciation | the process of one species becoming two or more seperate species |
| behavioral isolation | isolation caused by differences in courtchip and mating behaviors |
| geographic isolation | when a river or mountain divides a population into two or more groups |
| temporal isolation | when timing prevents reproduction between populations |
| convergent evolution | unrelatated species evolve similar characteristics |
| divergent evolution | closely related species evolve in different directions, and become increasingly different |
| coevolution | the process on which two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other |
| extinction | the permanent lodd of species from Earth |
| punctuated equilibrium | describes this pattern: long periods of little change |
| adaptive radiation | the rapid evolution of many diverse species from ancestral species |
| primates | the group of animals that includes monkeys, apes, and humans |
| rodents | the group of animals that includes mice, rats, and squirrels |