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DNA to Proteins

Chapter 8 DNA to Protiens

TermDefinition
bacteriophage virus that infects bacteria
Griffith found "The Transforming Principle"
Hershey and Chase conducted experiments that concluded DNA is genetic material and not protein
nucleotides units or monomers that make up DNA, made up of a phosphate group, base, and a sugar
Watson and Crick developed the double helix model for DNA
Chargaff concluded that the amount of A equals the amount of T and the amount of C equals the amount of G
double helix model for DNA that looks like a twisted ladder
base pairing rules bonding rules for DNA A=T and C=G
replication using a template and making a copy
DNA polymerase enzymes that bond nucleotides together, proofreads and fixes errors in replication
central dogma describes how information from DNA gets used to make proteins, replication to transcription to translation
RNA ribonucleic acid, four bases A,U,C,G, single stranded
transcription process of copying DNA to produce complimentary RNA
RNA polymerase enzymes the form base pairs of RNA to DNA during transcription
messenger RNA carries a message
ribosomal RNA forms part of the ribosomes
transfer RNA transfers amino acids
translation process that read an mRNA message and turns it into a protein
amino acids monomers that make up a protein
codon 3 nucleotides that code for an amino acid
start codon signals the start of translation
stop codon signals the end of an amino acid chain
anticodon one the end of a tRNA molecule and is complementary to a specific mRNA codon
operon region of DNA that contains a promoter, and operator, and 1 or more genes that code for all proteins necessary for a particular task
mutation means a change in an organism's DNA
point mutation when an incorrect nucleotide is put into a DNA molecule during replication
frameshift mutation addition or removal of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence, results in a change in the reading frame
mutagens things in the environment that can change DNA
Created by: amypritt
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