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Meiosis

TermDefinition
somatic cells body cells, all the other cells in your body are called these
gametes egg cells and sperm cells
homologous chromosomes 2 chromosomes, 1 from mom and 1 from dad
autosomes other 22 chromosomes, contain genes for everything but sex
sex chromosomes 2 chromosomes that control the sex of an organism
sexual reproduction requires 2 mates
fertilization when sperm and egg combine
haploid egg and sperm, have only 1 copy of each chromosome (23) (n)
diploid body cells, contain 46 chromosomes (2n)
meiosis process that divides a diploid cell into a haploid cell, formation of gametes
sister chromatids identical copies of a chromosome
gametogenisis production of gametes (egg and sperm, includes meiosis and other changes that haploid cell must go through
sperm male gamete
egg female gamete
polar bodies cells produced by meiosis that contain little more than DNA and are eventually broken down
traits characteristics that are inherited
genetics study of bological inheritance patter and variation in organisms
cross in genetics, mating of two organisms
purebred genetically uniform
law of segregation organisms inherit 2 copies of each gene, 1 from each parent and 1 copy of a gene goes into an organism's gametes, they seperate during gamete formation
gene piece of DNA that stores instructions to make a certain protein
locus where a gene is located on a chromosome
allele different forms of a gene
homozygous means the 2 alleles of a gene are the SAME
heterozygous means the 2 alleles of a gene are DIFFERNT
dominant allele that is expressed when 2 different alleles are present
recessive allele that is expressed only when there are 2 copies of it
genotype set of alleles an organism has for a trait
phenoptype what something looks like
genome all of an organism's genetic material
Punnett square grid system for predicting all possible genotypes reulting from a genetic cross
monohybrid cross crosses that examine 2 traits
dihybrid cross crosses that examine 2 traits
probability likelihood or chance that a particular event will happen
Created by: amypritt
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