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Bacteria
Bacterial terms and definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bacteria | single celled organsims that lack a nucleus |
| prokaryotes | an organism whose cells lack a nucleus and some other cell structures |
| eukaryotes | an organism whose cells contain nuclei (plural for nucleus) |
| flagellum | a long, whip-like structure that helps a cell to move by spinning like a propeller |
| cell wall | a rigid, non-living material that surrounds a bacterial cell and provides shape and support |
| cell membrane | a structure that controls what substances can enter and leave the bacterial cell |
| cytoplasm | the region located inside of the cell membrane of a bacterial cell |
| ribosomes | small, grain-like structures in the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell where proteins are made |
| genetic material | contains the instructions for making new bacterial cells and controls all cell functions |
| bacterial shapes (3) | rod, round, and spiral |
| autotrophic bacteria | can make their own food by using the sun's energy (photosynthesis) or chemical energy (hot springs) |
| heterotrophic bacteria | cannot make their own food and must consume other organisms or the food that other organisms make |
| favorable conditions for most bacteria | warm, dark, and moist |
| asexual reproduction | a reproductive process that involves one parent and produces identical offspring |
| sexual reproduction | a reproductive process that involves two parents who combine their genetic material to produce a new organism which differs from both parents |
| binary fission | a type of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells |
| conjugation | a type of sexual reproduction in which one bacterium transfers a copy of its genetic material into another bacterium through a thin, threadlike bridge (results in a genetically different bacterium) |
| endospore | a small, rounded, thick-walled resting cell that forms inside of a bacterial cell when conditions become unfavorable; contains the bacterial cell's genetic material and some of its cytoplasm |
| decomposers | bacteria that live in the soil and break down large chemicals in dead organisms into smaller chemicals and return them to the environment |
| pasturization | heating food to a high enough temperature to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste |
Created by:
jlodico
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