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Chapter 6 Vocab

QuestionAnswer
differentiation The process by which cells or tissues undergo a change toward a more specialized form or function, especially during embryonic development.
diploid number the number of chromosomes present in each somatic cell, which is constant for any one species of plant or animal. In the reproductive cells this number is halved
embryo An organism in its early stages of development, especially before it has reached a distinctively recognizable form.
embryonic development The development and growth of an embryo.
external fertilization The act or process of initiating biological reproduction by insemination or pollination.
fertilization The state of being fertilized
gametes A reproductive cell having the haploid number of chromosomes, especially a mature sperm or egg capable of fusing with a gamete of the opposite sex to produce the fertilized egg.
genetic diversity the level of biodiversity, refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. It is distinguished from genetic variability, which describes the tendency of genetic characteristics to vary.
haploid number The haploid number is the number of chromosomes in a gamete.
homologous chromosomes chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci.
internal fertilization Fertilization which takes place inside the female body through the vagina is called internal fertilization.
mating is the pairing of opposite-sex or hermaphroditic organisms, usually for the purposes of reproduction.
meiosis is a special type of cell division necessary for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes. The cells produced by meiosis are gametes or spores.
sexual reproduction is a process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms; it occurs both in eukaryotes and in prokaryotes.
zygote is the initial cell formed when two gamete cells are joined by means of sexual reproduction. In multicellular organisms, it is the earliest developmental stage of the embryo.
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