Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Geology Test 1
Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical methods is an _______ | element |
| The subatomic particle that contributes mass and a single positive electrical charge is the _______ | proton |
| Atoms of an element containing different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons are called _______ | isotopes |
| Atoms with either a positive or negative electrical charge are called _______ | ions |
| The bonding between Cl and Na in halite is _______ | ionic |
| _______ is not true of a single silicon-oxygen tetrahedron | The formula is SiO4 |
| _______ is not a type of silicate structure | Pentagonal |
| _______ is not a silicate | Calcite |
| On Mohs' hardness scale, ordinary window glass has a hardness of about _______ | 5-6 |
| The ability of a mineral to break along preferred directions is called _______ | Cleavage |
| Striations are associated with _______ | Plagioclase |
| Glass is ________ | atoms randomly arranged |
| Crystalline substances are always _______ | made of repeating patterns of atoms |
| Physical disintegration of rock into smaller pieces is called _______ | mechanical weathering |
| The decomposition of rocks from exposure to water and atmospheric gases is called _______ | chemical weathering |
| _______ is not a type of mechanical weathering | Oxidation |
| The single most effective agent of chemical weathering at Earth's surface is _______ | carbon dioxide CO2 |
| The most common end product of the chemical weathering of quartz is _______ | quartz does not usually weather chemically |
| Soil with approximately equal amounts of sand, silt and clay along with a generous amount of organic matter is called _______ | loam |
| _______ can be distinguished from one another by appearance and chemical composition, have transitional rather than sharp boundaries, and are classified by letters ABCE&O | Soil horizons* |
| The soil horizon containing only organic material is the _______ | O Horizon |
| Hardpan forms in the _______ | B Horizon |
| Particles of sediment from 1/16-2mm in diameter are of _______ size | sand |
| The grinding away of sharp edges and corners of rock fragments during transportation is _______ | Rounding* |
| Compaction and cementation are two common processes of _______ | lithification |
| _______ is not a chemical or organic sedimentary rock | shale |
| The major difference between breccia and conglomerate is _______ | rounding of the grain |
| _______ is not a type of sandstone | coal |
| Shale differs from mudstone in that _______ | shale is visibly layered and fissile; mudstone is massive and blocky |
| The chemical element found in dolomite NOT found in limestone is __ | Mg |
| In a graded bed, the particle size _______ | decreases upward |
| A body or rock of considerable thickness with characteristics that distinguish it from adjacent rock units is called a _______ | formation |
| If seal level drops or the land rises, _______ is likely to occur. | a transgression |
| Thick accumulations of graywacke and volcanic sediments can indicate an ancient _______ | convergent boundary |
| A sedimentary rock made of fragments of preexisting rocks is _______ | clastic |
| Clues to the nature of the source area of sediment can be found in _______ | sedimentary structures |
| Plate tectonics is a result of Earth's internal heat engine, powered by _______ | heat flowing from Earth's interior outward |
| A typical rate of plate motion is _______ | 1-10 centimeters per year |
| Volcanic island arcs are associated with _______ | ocean-ocean convergence |
| The division of geology concerned with Earth materials, changes in the surface and interior of the Earth, and the dynamic forces that cause those changes is _______ | physical geology |
| Earthquakes, volcanoes, mudflows, floods, wave erosion at coastlines, and landslides are _______ | geologic hazards* |
| The largest zone of Earth's interior by volume is the _______ | mantle |
| Oceanic and continental crust differ in _______ | composition, density, and thickness |
| The forces generated inside Earth that cause deformation of rock as well as vertical and horizontal movement of portions of Earth's crust are called _______ | tectonic forces |
| Plate tectonics is a _______ | theory |
| The three plate boundaries are _______, _______, and ________. | divergent, transform, and convergent* |
| The lithosphere is _______ | the crust and uppermost mantle |
| Erosion is a result of Earth's external heat engine, powered by | gravity? |
| _______ is NOT true of minerals | most minerals are organic* |
| Rocks are _______ | a collection of one or more minerals |
| True or False: Minerals are stable as long as they stay in the pressure and temperature environment where they originally formed | True |
| Minerals with the same chemical make-up, but different arrangements of atoms are called _______ | polymorphs |
| The chemical formula for the mineral jadeite (a source of jade) is Na(Al,Fe)Si2O6. The elements in parenthesis indicate that __________ | Al and Fe can substitute for one another in the mineral |
| True or False: The "salt" in the ocean is really sodium ions and chlorine ions. | True |
| When the electric charge on the water molecule is unevenly distributed, it means _______ | we say that water is polar |
| When a rock like granite is exposed at Earth's surface, it expands and cracks because it is no longer in ________ | equilibrium |
| The most common end product of the chemical weathering of feldspar is _______ | clay minerals |
| True or False: Rocks expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled. | True |
Created by:
Ldflores89
Popular Earth Science sets