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Cell Biology Test 1

Material for test 1

TermDefinition
Eukaryote Cells nucleus, multi-cellular, larger genome, more regulatory DNA sequences
Prokaryotic Cells no membrane bound DNA, cell wall common, single-celled organism, greater diversity/habitat, small genomes
Universal features of cells all cells store genetic information as DNA and bounded by a membrane
DNA Replication 3 semi-conservative, synthesis is 5' to 3', algging and leading strands; active replication fork; assembly of nucleosomes during replication
Transcription RNAs releases as synthesized - multiple transcripts are produced at same time
Transcription initiation General transcription factors and accessory factors
General transcription factors TFIID binds first; TFIIH - helicase; Phosphorylation of CTD catalyzed by TFIIH
Accessory factors Transcriptional activators; mediator; chromatin-remodeling complexes and HATs
TBP Tata binding protein- binds TATA box
Ribosomes cytoplasmic and ER-associated
Mechanism of translation Initiation; elongation; termination; polyribosomes
Cell fractionation separate organelles, protein complexes, macromolecules for study in vitro
Column chromatography purify individual proteins
Initiation of DNA replication replication origin; single or multiple origins not all activated simultaneously
ORC origin recognition complex - marks origin throughout cell cycle; initiation regulated by other proteins
Replication at telomeres end problem- lagging strand synthesis- no primer; replicative cell senescence- hypothesis for aging
CstF cleavage stimulation factor F - 3' polyadenelation
CPSF cleavage and polyadenelation specificity factor; travel with CTD of RNA pol II during transcription; catalyze cleavage at 3' end, poly A polymerase adds ~200 As; poly A binding proteins bind to tail, remain during nuclear export
PolII processivity loss after cleavage in 3' polyadenelation
IRES translational control mechanism; internal ribosome entry site; internal domain of mRNA forms stem-loop structure that can recruit machinery to start protein synthesis
miRNAs very small RNAs that lead to RNA degradation or inhibit translation
hsp60 barrel structure with isolation chamber; ATPase cap; mechanism for re-folding
hsp70 binds hydrophobic patches; binds as peptide exits ribosome
Ubiquitin pathway 7 kD polypeptide; covalent attachment to lysine sidechain; poly-ubiquitination- long chains of ubiquitin
E1 ubiquitin activating enzyme
E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme
E3 ubiquitin ligase
Created by: muld0044
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