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Biology Test
Taxonomy Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| biodiversity | the number and variety of organisms in a given area during a specific period of time |
| taxonomy | the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms |
| taxon | any particular group within a taxonomic system |
| domain | in a modern taxonomic system, the broadest category; the category that contains kingdoms |
| kingdom | in a traditional taxonomic system, the highest taxonomic category, which contains a group of similar phyla |
| phylum | in a traditional taxonomic system for organisms other than plants, the category contained within a kingdom and containing classes |
| class | in a traditional taxonomic system the category contained within a phylum and containing orders |
| order | in a traditional taxonomic system, the category contained within a class and containing families |
| family | in a traditional taxonomic system, the category contained within an order and containing genera |
| genus | in a traditional taxonomic system, the category contained within a family and containing species |
| species | a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring; also the level of classification below genus and above subspecies |
| subspecies | a taxonomic classification below species that groups organisms that live in different geographical areas, differ morphologically form other populations of the species, but can interbreed with other populations of the species |
| binomial nomenclature | a system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name |
| systematics | the classification of living organisms in terms of their natural relationships; it includes describing, naming, and classifying organisms |
| phylogenetics | the analysis of evolutionary, or ancestral, relationships between taxa |
| phylogenetic diagram | a branching diagram that models the relationships by ancestry between different species or other taxonomic groups |
| cladistics | a phylogenetic classification system that uses shared derived characters and ancestry as the sole criterion for groups taxa |
| shared character | a feature that is shared by all members of a particular group of organisms |
| derived characteristics | a feature that evolved only within a particular taxonomic group |
| clade | a taxonomic grouping that includes only single ancestor and all of its descendants |
| bacteria | a domain made up of prokaryotes that usually have a cell wall and that usually reproduce by cell division; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdom Eubacteria |
| archaea | a domain made up of prokaryotes that can live in extreme environments and are differentiated from other prokaryotes by carious important chemical differences; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdom Archaebacteria |
| eukarya | a domain made up of all eukaryotes; aligns with the traditional kingdoms Protista, Plantae, and Animalia |
| eubacteria | a kingdom that contains all prokaryotes except Kingdom Archaebacteria (domain Archaea); biologists more recently prefer to classify these organisms as Domain Bacteria |
| archaebacteria | a kingdom made up of prokaryotes that can live in extreme environments; differentiated from other prokaryotes by various important chemical differences; biologists recently prefer to classify these as Domain Archaea. |
| protista | a kingdom made up of mostly one-celled eukaryotic organisms that are not readily classified as either plants, animals, or fungi |
| fungi | a kingdom made up of non green, eukaryotic organism that get food by breaking down organic matter and absorbing the nutrients, reproduce by means of spores, and have no means of movement |
| Plantae | a kingdom made up of eukaryotic, multi-cellular organisms that have cell walls made mostly of cellulose, that have pigments that absorb light, and that supply energy and oxygen to themselves and to other life-forms through photosynthesis |
| animalia | a kingdom made up of complex multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, are usually able to move around, and possess specialized sense organs that help them quickly respond to their environment |
| Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species | Order of Classification Taxonomy |
Created by:
aemiller
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