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Lesson 24
Meiosis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Meiosis | the process that produces haploid gametes from diploid cells |
| Genes | segments of DNA, responsible for the passing of traits and the expression of those traits. These segments code for proteins |
| Chromosomes | threadlike structures of DNA found in the nucleus of a cell |
| Chromosome Theory of Inheritance | states that genes are located on chromosomes and that each gene occupies a specific place on a chromosome |
| Karyotype | a display of all the chromosomes in a cell's nucleus |
| Diploid | means "two chromosomes", these cells have two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. For example, a human receives 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 chromosomes from the father, making the number 46. |
| 2n | is a numerical representation of an organism's chromosome number, this means that an organism contains two sets of chromosomes, describes a diploid organism. |
| Gametes | specialized reproductive cells that are involved in sexual reproduction such as eggs and sperm |
| Haploid | means "half the number of chromosomes", these cells only have one set of chromosomes, gametes are considered to be in this category. In humans, the gametes have only 23 chromosomes instead of 46 chromosomes. |
| 1n | is a numerical representation of an organism's chromosome number. This means that the organism contains one set of chromosomes. This describes a haploid organism. |
| Mitosis | the process of cell division in which one cell becomes two identical cells |