Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio exam 1, pt.4
Plant Nutrition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a Nutrient? | substance metabolized by or incorporated into an organism |
| ________ ________ develops in organisms that receive too little of a nutrient. | Nutrient deficiency |
| Plants receive carbon dioxide from the ___, and water and minerals from the ____ | air,soil |
| Light energy is needed to form _______ ____ and build molecules | covalent bonds |
| ________ ______ is required by a plant to complete its life cycle. | Essential Element |
| ____________ are required by plants in large amounts | Macronutrients |
| ____________ are required by plants in small amounts | Micronutrients |
| Most of a plant’s mass is composed of ______, ______, and _______. | carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen |
| About __% of a plant’s mass is water | 90% |
| _____ is the source of most of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in the plant’s molecules | water |
| ______ _______ is the source of carbon in a plant. | Carbon dioxide |
| _____ is the energy needed to “fix” carbon through photosynthesis. | Light |
| All other nutrients must come from the ____. | soil |
| When plants lack these nutrients, they display deficiency symptoms. What are three deficiency symptoms? | Failure to reproduce, Tissue death, and Chlorosis – yellowing of plant leaves |
| The most common nutrient deficiencies in plants are ______, ________, and __________. | nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus |
| Healthy soil is essential to good plant nutrition, and therefore good _____ nutrition | human |
| Soil is a complex and fragile ecosystem where _______ ________ play an important role. | living organisms |
| Soil Structure: Soil is classified by size of _______ _______, which determines texture | mineral particles |
| Soil Structure: Sand | coarsest, biggest spaces between |
| Soil Structure: Silt | finer than sand |
| Soil Structure: Clay | finest particle, small spaces between |
| The best soils are _____, which contain about equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay | loams |
| soils are stratified into layers called _______. | horizons |
| What are two organic constituents of soil? | Humus and living organisms |
| constituents of soil: Humus | partially decayed organic matter |
| constituents of soil: Living organisms | from bacteria and fungi to worms and insects |
| The A horizon of soil is called ________ | topsoil |
| Topsoil contains the most _____, which helps retain water and nutrients | humus |
| Topsoil contains most plant ____ and other living organisms | roots |
| Topsoil can vary greatly in ________ | thickness |
| Cations adhere to ________ charged clay and humus particles which prevents them from leaching out of the soil in percolating water | negatively |
| To get cations, plants must exhange ___ ions for the cations adhered to the soil | H+ |
| After carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, what makes up the largest proportion of a plant’s mass? | nitrogen |
| N2 makes up about __% of the Earth’s atmosphere, but plants cannot use it in this form | 78% |
| Plants rely on _______-______ bacteria to convert N2 into ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate (NO3-) | nitrogen-fixing |
| NH4+ and NO3- can be taken up from the soil by plant ____. | roots |
| Several different species of bacteria can fix nitrogen. Some live freely in the soil, others form ________ relationships with plants | symbiotic |
| _______ bacteria live in root nodules of plants in the legume family | Rhizobium |
| 90% of plant species have a symbiotic relationship with fungi called _________. | mycorrhizae |
| Explain the relationship between the fungi living in root tissues and the host plant. | Fungi receive sugars from host plant In return, host plant receives a much greater rate of absorption of water and nutrients from the soil through fungal hyphae |
| _____ may have helped plants colonize land | Fungi |
| Name three harmful things agriculture causes that natural ecosystems do not. | depletes the soil of nutrients, taxes water resources, and encourages erosion |
| __________ agriculture is using farming methods that are conservation-minded but still profitable | Sustainable |
| ________ can be a huge drain on water resources when farming in arid areas. | Irrigation |
| Irrigation drains aquifers and causes _______ and ________. | subsidence and sinkholes |
| Irrigation also causes __________ of soil (or making it salty) | salinization |
| ____ irrigation helps conserve water. | Drip |
| Intense agriculture depletes the soil of nutrients and _________ are added to replace them | fertilizers |
| Inorganic fertilizers are quick-release, but are easily leached away and producing them can be environmentally _________. | destructive |
| Organic fertilizers like manure or compost release nutrients ______, but improve soil by adding humus and don’t leach as much | slowly |
| _______ encourages topsoil to be blown or washed away. Topsoil takes hundreds or thousands of years to build back up! | Plowing |
| Soil Erosion can be reduced by three things: | Planting trees as windbreaks, Contour plowing,and Practicing no-till agriculture |
| Some plants don’t rely on soil for nutrition! Name three kinds. | Epiphytes, Parasitic Plants, and Carnivorous Plants |
| _________ grow on other plants, but obtain water and minerals from rain and air | Epiphytes |
| Epiphytes are common in ________ where small plants growing on the ground get shaded by tall trees. | rainforests |
| There are over 4,000 species of plants that obtain all or part of their water, sugar, and minerals from host plants. What are these called? | Parasitic plants |
| Parasitic plants absorb through root-like organs called _______. | haustoria |
| About ___ species of flowering plants have adapted to soils that are low in nitrogen by trapping and killing animal prey | 600 |
| Carnivorous plants still do their own __________ | photosynthesis |
| There are two types of traps: _____ and ______ | passive and active |
| Passive traps | rely on insects to fall in |
| Active traps | trap closes when touched |
Created by:
cmccartney2
Popular Biology sets