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Bio exam 1, pt.3
Plant Transport
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Land plants acquire resources both _____ and _____ ground. | above and below |
| ____ system takes up water and minerals from the soil | Root |
| ______ take up carbon dioxide from the air and use light to turn it into sugars | Leaves |
| Materials must be moved between the _____ system and the ____ system. | shoot, root |
| Cellular level transport: Diffusion across a plasma membrane is _______. | passive |
| Cellular level transport: active transport requires ______. | energy |
| Cellular level transport: Most solutes pass through transport proteins in the ____ ________. | cell membrane |
| Cellular level transport: The most important transport protein for active transport in plant cells is the ______ ____. | proton pump |
| Cellular level transport: Proton pumps create a hydrogen ion ________. | gradient |
| Cellular level transport: the hydrogen ion gradientbcontains potential energy called ________ _________ that the cell can use to do work. | membrane potential |
| Cellular level transport: Plants use the membrane potential to transport many different _______. | solutes |
| Cellular level transport: ___________ is when the diffusion of one solute is coupled with the active transport of another | Cotransport |
| Cellular level transport: Diffusion of water is called _______. | osmosis |
| Cellular level transport: Osmosis is affected by both ______ ___________ and ________. | solute concentration and pressure |
| Cellular level transport: Water potential is a measurement that combines both ______ _________ and ________ to determine the net movement of water | solute potential and pressure |
| Cellular level transport: Water flows from areas of ____ water potential to areas of ____ water potential | high to low |
| Cellular level transport: Water potential is abbreviated as Ψ and measured in units of ________ called megapascals (MPa) | pressure |
| Cellular level transport: Ψ = 0 MPa for ____ water at sea level and room temperature | pure |
| Cellular level transport: Solute Potential (Ψs)is proportional to the number of dissolved ________. | molecules |
| Cellular level transport: Solute potential is also called _______ potential | osmotic |
| Cellular level transport: What is Pressure Potential(Ψp)? | The physical pressure on a solution |
| Cellular level transport: ______ _______ is the pressure exerted by the plasma membrane against the cell wall, and the cell wall against the protoplast. | Turgor pressure |
| Cellular level transport: The addition of solutes _______ water potential | reduces |
| Cellular level transport: Physical pressure _______ water potential | increases |
| Cellular level transport: Negative pressure _______ water potential | reduces |
| Cellular level transport: Water potential affects the ______ and ____ of water by plant cells | uptake and loss |
| Cellular level transport: If a flaccid cell is put in an environment with a higher solute concentration, it will lose water and undergo _________. | plasmolysis |
| Cellular level transport: If the cell is placed in an environment with a lower solute concentration, it will gain water and become ______. | turgid |
| Cellular level transport: Ψ= | Ψs+Ψp |
| Tissue-level Transport: Transport is also regulated by the __________ nature of plant cells | compartmental |
| Tissue-level Transport: In most plant tissues, the ____ ____ and _______ is continuous from cell to cell | cell wall and cytosol |
| Tissue-level Transport: Symplastic route | movement through the cytoplasm, through plasmodesmata |
| Tissue-level Transport: Apoplastic route | movement through cell walls and extracellular spaces |
| Tissue-level Transport: Bulk flow of solutions in a plant is accomplished by the ________ tissue | vascular |
| Roots absorb water and dissolved minerals in the soil, where it can then enter the _____ of the plant | xylem |
| Most water enters through the root _____. | hairs |
| Endodermis – the innermost layer of the root _____. | cortex |
| absorption by roots: Water can cross the cortex via the ______ or the ______. | symplast or the apoplast |
| absorption by roots: What does the waxy Casparian strip of the endodermis do? | blocks apoplastic transfer from the cortex to the vascular cylinder |
| absorption by roots: the casparian strip serves as a last “_________” where water has to pass through at least one cell membrane before entering the xylem | checkpoint |
| Plants lose a lot of water through __________ | transpiration |
| What is transpiration? | the loss of water from a plant’s surface |
| Water lost through transpiration is replaced by bulk flow of _____ ___ from the steles of the roots to the stems and leaves | xylem sap |
| bulk flow through the xylen: Water is pulled upward in the xylem by ________ ________; plant uses no energy | negative pressure |
| Transpiration is regulated by ______ | stomata |
| A plant loses about __% of its water through stomata in the leaves | 95% |
| Each stoma is flanked by _____ cells that can open and close | guard |
| When do most plants have their stomata open? | during the day when photosynthesis is active |
| When do most plants close their stomata? | during the night, or when under water stress to reduce water loss |
| Aside from opening and closing stomata, some plants have other adaptations to reduce water loss. List 5 adaptations | Leaf abscission, CAM photosynthesis, Sunken stomata, Small or needle-like leaves, and Hairs to shade the stem |
| What is a Xerophyte? | a plant adapted to dry conditions |
| Phloem actively transports the products of photosynthesis through a process called __________. | translocation |
| ______ ___ is high in sucrose and always passes from a sugar source to a sugar sink | Phloem sap |
| Sugar must be loaded into _____-____ elements before being exported to sinks | sieve-tube |
| In most plants, phloem loading requires _____ transport | active |
| Proton pumps let cells accumulate _____ at the source | sucrose |
| Sucrose is unloaded out of the phloem through _____________ at the sink. | plasmodesmata |
Created by:
cmccartney2
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