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BIO 152
Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Preformationism | in adult there is already preformed full form of themselves egg+sperm makes an embryo which disproves this method |
| What is spontaneous generation | life forms spontaneously w/o preexisting cells |
| What is Equivocal generation | sometimes one life form can give rise to a different species |
| What is Pasteur's Broth Experiment | discredited spontaneous generation |
| Why was the Pasteur's Broth Experiment important | attempted to formulate a testable thesis to understand an inexplainable process and to stimulate an experiment and new directions of thought |
| How did antiquated theory contribute to our modern understanding of how life works? | The antiquated theory gave us questions of how to make testable and unexplainable hypotheses that would help us explain in later years like preformationism. |
| Five characteristics of living organisms | 1) acquire energy 2) All composed of cell(s) 3) Respond to a Stimulus 4) Able to reproduce 5) Evolve |
| What is the theory of evolution | Evolutionary theory- decent with modification change over time |
| What is Natural Selection? | Traits have to beneficial to have a long term influence or reproduction 100 year + study |
| What is the tree of life? | A phylogentic tree where all living organism are present |
| What does it mean to be the closet living relative? | To be the closest living relative is where there was a node and the species changed over time |
| What does it mean to be the common ancestor? | A common ancestor is where species can be traced back to a common ancestor before being broke off into other groups. All organism can be traced back to LUCA |
| What is Cell Theory? | all living organism have cell(s) |
| Three parts of cell theory | 1) all cells come from preexisting cells 2) cell is smallest unit of life 3) al living organisms contain cells |
| Which Carbon-Based entities are excluded from the tree of life? | Viruses need a host cell |
| Difference between a hypothesis and a theory? | Hypothesis is an educated guess and a theory is a lot of evidence to support and generally accepted by modern biologist say its correct |
| What are the three universal features of cells | 1) Plasma membrane- critical component to maintain life 2) Nucleus- DNA nuclear envelop 3) Cytoplasm- everything inside the cell and all the fluids |
| Describe the influence of water as the universal solvent in cells | 60-70 percent water in humans; Water makes H bonds and the partial negative and the partial positive ON ANOTHER WATER MOLECULE will make a H bond; Water coats molecule and prevents it from making a clump again which is called a sphere of hydration |
| Understand the relationship among solvent, solutes, and solutions | Solute- molecules broken up and hanging out with water Solvent- is the larger portion in the solution Solution- these two combined form a solution |
| Predict the solubility of a biological solute based on it chemical nature | Water makes H bonds and the partial negative and the partial positive ON ANOTHER WATER MOLECULE will make a H bond |
| Identify the four classes of biological molecules | a. Lipids b. Proteins c. Carbs d. Nucleic acids B-D are soluble in water |
| Describe the basic equation of a chemical reaction and why they apply to living cells | A+B yields C+D |
| Describe how cells cycle energy (ATP) to keep these reactions going | Adenosine triphosphate; To make more of it has to go to work and uses chemical reactions in body/cells release energy; Energy currency |
| Describe how chemical reactions are contained and concentrated inside a cell. | 7.2 to 7.4 is the living range |
| Describe and predict the influence of hydrogen ions on chemical reactions in living cells | Is a proton in water it acts as a proton accepter |
| Describe the structures and properties of cell membranes | Plasma membranes- Help maintain internal environments that are dramatically different from external environments |
| What is Selectively permeable? | some things can get through no all what |
| What is some Permeable? | how easily something can get in/out of a cell |
| How does a cell keep everything inside? | Has to have a barrier- plasma membrane; Multicellular organism might be cell to cell or the perimeter of outside of the body; Cell to cell you call the space intracellular; Space in body, outside cells extracellular (interstitial space) |
| What is a Phospholipid molecule? | Phospholipid molecules have a polar heads and nonpolar tails. The “R” group is a variable polar group |
| What is direct diffusion? | High concentration to low concentration; No Energy is suspended in the cell |
| What is Facilitated diffusion | Moving from high concentration to low concentration; Create shielded tunnel and help with larger polar/charged molecules; They are specific and will let only one molecule and that’s it |
| Identify and describe the types of transport used to cross cell membranes | Channel- moves through Carrier- changes shape to its molecule to help get it through |
| What are the cotransporters | Symporter; Antiporter |
| Understand the relationship between bonds and energy | Energy can be defined as the capacity to do work. Bonds hold together molecules |
| What is Chemical Evolution | inorganic substance to (carbon) organic molecules to self replication to protocells (membrane contained pre-life) LUCA |
| What is the Miller spark experiment | Put energy in with two electrodes Samples taken from the liquid water contain formaldehyde and cyanide |
| Describe a Hydrogen Bond | A hydrogen bond makes it possible for almost any charged or polar molecule to dissolve in water |
| Describe Cohesion | attraction between molecules |
| Describe adhesion | attraction between unlike molecules |
| Prebiotic soup model | going form inorganic molecules to an organic mixture by the heat and molecules in the air. |
| Surface Metabolism Model | great amount of pressure and heat from the deep sea vents and the minerals lining the vent formed more complexed carbon based molecules |
Created by:
Jared Rollins
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