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Chemistry
Introduction to chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The smallest amount of an element that can enter into a chemical reaction | Atom |
| Subatomic particle that is negatively charged | electron |
| Subatomic particle that is positively charged | proton |
| Subatomic particle that is not charged | neutron |
| Protons and neutrons are located where? | nucleus, center of the atom |
| electrons orbit where? | in shells |
| What is the smallest subatomic particle of the three? | Electron |
| What is the largest subatomic particle? | Neutron |
| What determines the atoms identity | element ex CHON |
| What is the variant form of an atom of an element? | Isotope |
| Equal number of protons and electrons | Neutral atom |
| Unequal number of protons and electrons | ions |
| two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds | molecule |
| what includes carbon atoms | organic molecules |
| Examples of molecules? | carb, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
| T/F molecules are large and complex | TRUE |
| Gas, motor oil, plastics are examples of... | nonbiological molecules |
| Generally DO NOT contain carbon atoms | Inorganic molecules |
| h2o and o2 are examples of | inorganic molecules |
| What is the making, breaking, rearranging of chemical bonds | Chemical reaction |
| growth/repair "building: | synthesis |
| release energy (hydrolysis) | decomposition |
| reactant is the | starting substance (ATP |
| What is the ability to do work | energy |
| energys due to an objects position or chemical bond | potential |
| energy due to an objects movement or heat (temp) | kinetic |
| Can energy by created or destroyed? | No it can only change form |
| Atoms that participate to fill electron shells | chemical bonds |
| Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions | Ionic bond |
| Reduction reaction _ electron | gained |
| oxidation reaction _ electron | lost |
| ATOMS share pairs of electrons | covalent bond |
| Weak bond between and H atom and a O or N atom | Hydrogen bond |
| Holds water molecules together in liquid form at room temp | water |
| resp for the shape of the molecule secondary, tertiary structure | protein |
| holds the two strands together in a double helix | DNA |
| water in organic/inorganic | inorganic |
| The mixture with the same composition throughout | solution |
| substance that does the dissolving/greates amount | solvent |
| substance that gets the dissolved/least amount | solute |
| dissolve, likes dissolves in likes | polar solutes |
| remain isolated, seperate | non polar solutes |
| Substance that releases hydrogen ions in a solution | Acid |
| substance that releases hydrogen ions in a solution | base |
| measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution | pH |
| what is the neutral pH | 7 |
| pH<7 | acidic |
| pH>7 | Base |
| substance that absorbs and releases hydrogen ions in order to maintain a relatively constant pH | buffer |
| CHO, organic, end in 'ose' are all characteristics of | carbohydrates |
| category of carbs consisting of one sugar unit | monosacchrides |
| Ribonucleic Acid is | RNA |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid is | DNA |
| category of carbs where 2 monosaccharides are joined by a covalent bond | Disaccharide |
| Category of carb composed of MANY monos joined together by covalent bonds | Polysaccharide |
| CHOP, organic, insoluble are characteristics of | Lipids |
| Monomers are the(building blocks)of... | fatty acids |
| single covalent bond between carbon atoms, solid, are characteristics of | saturated fatty acids |
| Double covalent bonds between carbon atoms, liquid, are characteristics of | unsaturated fatty acids |
| macromolecule composed of 3 | Triglyceride |
| Lipid macromolecule, major structural component of all cell membranes | phospholipids |
| carbon ring, lipid macromolecule | sterols |
| CHONP, nucleotides, polymers are characteristics of | nucleic acids |
| DNA Nitrogen Bases are | A, G, C, T |
| two strands held together by | hydrogen bonds |
| the nucleotides held together by | covalent bonds |
| DNA function is... | heredity, codes for protein, and determines cells activity |
| Function is protein synthesis | RNA |
| RNA nitrogen bases | A, G, C, U |
| Single stranded | RNA |
| Double stranded | DNA |
| Function is energy | ATP |
| Amino acid is the building blocks of... | proteins |
| Nucleotides are the building blocks of... | Nucleic Acids |
| 50% organic matter in body is | Proteins |
| pept | protein |
| chain of amino acids | polypeptide |
| chain of amino acids, individual amino acids determined/coded by DNA | Primary Structure |
| A polypeptide that folds further upon itself and is held together by h-bonds, Alpha and Beta | Secondary Structure |
| Held together by various chemicals and polypeptide folds further upon itself | Tertiary Structure |
| Composed of 1 polypeptide | quaternary structure |
| hair and skin | keratin |
| tendons and ligaments | collagen |
| what proteins provide structure and or protection | structural |
| what proteins are the DOERS of the cell | functional |
| Biological catalysts | Enzymes |
| what ends in ase | enzymes |
| ways proteins transport in and out of cells | channels, pores and pumps |
| what changes the shape of a protein resulting in decreased/loss of function | denature |
| a change in pH or tempterature can result in | denature |
| what has a unique 3D shape | enzymes |
| what has an active site? | Enzymes |
| The active site bonds to what? | Reactant |
| make, breaking, or rearranging of ezyme | chemical reaction |
| Once enzyme bonded it releases a... | product |
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