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Food/Energy Chap 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
nutrient | Substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all its essential processes. |
calorie | The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree. |
carbohydrate | Nutrient composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen that is a major source of energy. |
glucose | A sugar that is the major source of energy for the body's cells. |
fat | Energy-containing nutrients that are composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen. There are saturated and unsaturated types of this nutrient. |
protein | Nutrient that contains nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; Needed for tissue growth and repair and play a part in chemical reactions in the cells. |
amino acid | Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules. |
vitamin | Molecules that act as helpers in a variety of chemical reactions within the body. |
percent daily value | A value that shows how the nutritional content of one serving of food fits into the diet of a person who consumes 2,000 Calories a day. |
dietary reference intakes | Guidelines that show the amounts of nutrients needed every day. |
digestion | The process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules. |
absorption | The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood. |
saliva | The fluid released when the mouth waters that plays a role in both mechanical and chemical digesting. |
enzyme | A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. |
epiglottis | A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering. |
esophagus | A muscular tube that connect the mouth to the stomach. |
mucus | A think, slippery substance produced by the body. |
peristalsis | Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep moving along in one direction through the digestive system. |
stomach | A j-shaped, muscular pouch located in the abdomen. It holds and digests food. |
small intestine | The part of the digestive system in which most chemical digestion takes place. |
liver | The largest organ in the body; plays a role in many body processes. |
bile | A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles. |
gall bladder | The organ that stores bile after it is produced by the liver. |
pancreas | A triangular shaped organ the lies between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine. |
villi (villus) | The finger shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which food is absorbed. |
large intestine | The last section of the digestive system where water is absorbed into the bloodstream and the remaining material is eliminated from the body. |
rectum | The end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into solid form before being eliminated. |
anus | A muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminated from the body. |