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Biology 101 Exam 1
Chapter 2 Terms and Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Any substance in the universe that has mass and occupies space. |
| Atoms | All matter is composed of extremely small particles |
| Protons | carries a positive (+) charge |
| Neutrons | no charge |
| Electrons | carries a negative (-) |
| Orbital | Defined as the area around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found. |
| Atomic Nucleus | The nucleus is the very dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom. |
| Atomic Number | is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus. |
| Element | is any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by ordinary chemical means. |
| Compound | When a molecule contains atoms of more than one element. |
| Atomic Mass | Of an atom is equal to the sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons. |
| Isotopoes | Different forms of the same element which the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. |
| Neutural Atoms | Atoms with the same number of protons and electrons are electrically neutral; they have no net charge. |
| Ions | Atoms in which the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons. |
| daltons | The mass of atoms and subatomic particles is measured in units. |
| cation | An atom having more protons than electrons has a net positive charge. |
| anion | A negatively charged ion. An atom having fewer protons than electrons carries a net negative charge. |
| radioactive isotopes | Isotopes that decay in in a fashion like radioactive decay. |
| radioactive decay | Carbon-14 Its nucleus tend to break up into elements with lower atomic numbers. This nuclear breakup, which emits a significant amount of energy. |
| half-life | The decay time is usually expressed. The time it takes for one-half of the atoms in a sample to decay. |
| Oxidation reduction | A type of paired reaction in living systems in which electrons lost from one atom (oxidation) are gained by another atom (reduction). Termed a redox reaction for short. |
| Chemical Bonds | The atoms in a molecule are joined; these bonds can result when atoms with opposite charges attract each other. |
| Covalent Bonds | Form when two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons. |
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