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Biology 101 Exam 1
CH 2.3 The Nature of Chemical Bonds
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is a molecule? | A group of atoms held together by energy in a stable association |
| What is a compound? | When a molecule contains atoms of more then one element. |
| Explain the difference between ionic and covalent bonds. | Ionic bonds result when atoms with opposite charges attract each other. Covalent bonds form when two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons. |
| What is a chemical reaction? | The formation and breaking of chemical bonds. It involves the shifting of atoms from one molecule or ionic compound to another, w/o any change in the number or identity of the atoms. |
| What factors can speed up or slow down a chemical reaction? | Temperature, Concentration of reactants and products, and Catalysts. |
| Example of ionic bonds | NaCl sodium Chloride or K+ and Na+ |
| Example of covalent bonds. | H hydrogen gas or O Oxygen gas |
| What are products and reactants? | Original molecules before the reaction starts as reactants, and the molecules resulting from the chemical reactions as products. |
| Temperature Factor | Heating the reactants increases the rate of a reaction because the reactants collide with one another more often. |
| Concentration of reactants and products factor | Reactions proceed more quickly when more reactants are available allowing more frequent collisions. An accumulation of products typically slows the reaction and, in reversible reactions, may speed the reaction in the reverse direction. |
| Catalysts Factor | Is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction. In living systems, proteins called enzymes catalyze almost every chemical reaction. |