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Human Biology
Chapters 1-3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The collection of changing/dynamic information dealing with measurable phenomena is? | Science |
| What is the study of life? | Biology |
| Study of HUMAN life? | Human Biology |
| Study of the shape, structure, parts of the body and their relationships to each other is? | Anatomy |
| Study of biological chemistry? | Bio Chemistry |
| What is the study of the chemical processes of a working organism? | Physiology |
| The procedure used to study natural phenomena? | The Scientific Method |
| 6 steps to scientific method, in order? | Observations, hypothesis, experiment, results, conclusion, Theory |
| What is a statement that explains the unprejudiced observation? | Hypothesis |
| What is the 1st step in the scientific method and Results in the formation of a question? | Observation |
| What is the test of the hypothesis | Experiment |
| The "thing" or "condition" that influences the outcome of the experiment? | Variable |
| The part of the experiment that lacks the variable? | Control |
| What is used as a standard for comparison to tell the difference between a positive and negative result? | Control |
| What is a detailed record of what happened during the experiment? | Results |
| No right and wrong but only expected and unexpected in? | Results |
| A discussion comparing the hypothesis and the experimental results describing how the results support or disprove the hypthesis | Conclusion |
| what is long standing, much experimentally supported hypothesis -subject to change | Theory |
| What are the structures that make on organization? IN ORDER | Atom, Molecule, Organelles, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, Organism (order important) |
| AMOCTOOO | Atom, Molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
| What is the SMALLEST unit of an element that can enter into a chemical reaction? | Atom |
| What is the simplest level of an organism? | Atom |
| What are the 4 elements that make up 90% of the human body | CHON (Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen) |
| What are 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds? | Molecule |
| What are the 4 most common elements used to build biological molecules? | Chon, (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen) |
| What are the 4 most common biological molecules? | carbohydrates, Lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| What is a specialized structure within human body cells that compartmentalizes or isolates a specific set of chemical reactions | Organelle |
| What does nucleus make? | DNA |
| What does mitochondria make? | ATP |
| What do chloroplasts make? | Photosynthesis |
| What is the basic unit of life that demonstrates the characteristics of life? | Cell |
| What is similar in composition and function? | Cells |
| What is a group of similar cells that perform a common function? | Tissue |
| What is the microscopic anatomical study of cells and tissues? | Histology |
| Epithelial tissue do what? | cover and line the skin |
| What does the connective tissue do? | Holds BONE together |
| What is a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function? | Organ |
| What is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function? | Organ system |
| What is the living body? | Organism |
| what is the most complex level of organization? | Organism |
| What is the progressive, heritable, change in structure and/or behavior in a population over time as a result of a change in DNA which allows the organisms to survive in their environment | Adaptation |
| The passage of of DNA from parent to offspring | Heredity |
| An organisms ability to sense and respond to its environment in order to maintain a stable internal state | Homeostasis |
| What is it when organisms are mutually and reciprocally dependent upon each other for survival. | Interdependence |
| What are the specialized structures that allow organisms to sense changes stimuli in their environment | irritability |
| What is an organisms ability to extract and convert energy and nutrients from its environment for its own growth, maintenance, and reproduction | metabolism |
| making ATP by aerobic cellular respiration, protein synthesis and mitosis and meiosis are examples of what? | metabolism |
| What is an organisms life sequence stages of development from its formation | ontogeny |
| Usually large and complex substances that contain carbon atoms | Organic |
| The ability to produce offspring in our own image by passing down our DNA | Reproduction |
| What are some chemical messengers in homeostasis | neurotansmitters and hormones |
| The structure that monitors change in stimuli and send information about changing conditions to the control center | Sensor |
| Pressure, pain, light, temp, molecules, ect are examples of | Stimulus |
| The structure that monitors/analyzes incoming information, comparing it to the set point and determines the appropriate response which is issued to the effector | control center |
| what includes body temp, and blood glucose levels | set point |
| T/f The set point can be modified/adjusted | True |
| The structure that carries out the response determined by the control center directly affecting the stimulus. | Effector |
| What is the homeostatic control mechanism that works to reduce the stimulus | Negative Control Mechanism |
| Homeostatic control mechanism that works to increase the stimulus | Positive Feedback Mechanism |
| What is the study of structures visible to the naked eye | Gross Anatomy |
| When the body is erect, face upward, arms hanging at sides, palms forward with thumbs pointing away from body and feet/toes are forward it is what? | Anatomical Position |
| Dorsal | Back (like dorsal fin) |
| posterior | Behind, toward the back |
| ventral | belly |
| anterior | toward the front |
| Medial | toward the middle |
| lateral | away from the midline |
| proximal | close to the origin of the body part, close to the point of attachment |
| distal | farther from the point of attachment |
| Superior | toward the top part of the body |
| cranial | head |
| inferior | toward the lower part of body |
| caudal | tail |
| Imaginary line or section | plane |
| Lengthwise.longitudinal plane that divides specimen into right and left sides | sagittal |
| plane that divides top from bottom, superior to inferior | transverse |
| plane that divides anterior to posterior, front and back | coronal, frontal |
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