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Diabetes Meds

Nur-354 Insulin/Oral Diabetes Meds

TermDefinition
Name a Biguanide Metformin (Glucophage)
Name two Thiazolidinediones Proglitazone (Actos) and Rosiglitazone (Avandis)
Name an alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor Acarbose (Precose)
Name two sulfonylureas Glyburide (Micronase) and Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Name two long-lasting insulins Glargine (Lantus) and Detemir (Levemir)
Name an intermediate insulin NPH (Novolin N or Humulin N)
Name a short-acting insulin Regular (Novolin R)
Name a rapid-acting insulin Lispro (Humalog)
Name two dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors Sitagliptin (Januvia) and Saxagliptin (Onglyza)
What is the mechanism of action of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors? Prevent inhibition of incretin; results in increased insulin and decreased gluconeorgenesis
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonylureas? Increase insulin production
What is the mechanism of action of meglitinides? Increase insulin production
Name a meglitinide Nateglinide (Starlix)
What is the mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors? Starch blockers; delays absorption of carbohydrates in small intestine
Name two medications that potentiate hyperglycemia Corticosteroids and thiazide and loop diuretics
What is the mechanism of action of Thiazolidinediones? Insulin sensitizer; improve insulin utilization; decrease gluconeogenesis; improves lipid profile; decreases BP
What is the mechanism of action of biguanides? Decreases gluconeogenesis; enhances tissue sensitivity; improves glucose transport into cells; lowers lipid levels
What side effects/benefits do biguanides have? Contraindicated in renal/liver disease and heart failure; alert with contrast studies; NO WEIGHT GAIN; diarrhea (eat with food to minimize)
What side effects/benefits do thiazolidinediones have? Monitor for liver function tests; increased risk for stroke, MI and HF; causes edema and is contraindicated for HF; does not cause hypoglycemia
What side effects/benefits do alpha-glucosidase inhibitors have? Gas and diarrhea
What side effects/benefits do sulfonylureas have? Hypoglycemia; weight gain; administer QID-BID before meals
What side effects/benefits do meglitinides have? Less hypoglycemia because of rapid absorption and excretion; weight gain; administer TID before meals
What are side effects/benefits do dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors have? Lower potential for hypoglycemia; NO WEIGHT GAIN
Created by: ssbourbon
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