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sciencechap2less1-6
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mineral | a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition |
| inorganic | not formed from living things or the remains of living things |
| crystal | a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats again and again |
| streak | the color of a mineral's powder |
| luster | the way a mineral reflects light from its surface |
| Mohs hardness scale | a scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals |
| cleavage | a mineral's ability to split easily along flat surfaces |
| fracture | 1. the way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way 2. a break in a bone |
| geode | a hollow rock inside which mineral crystals have grown |
| crystallization | the process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure |
| solution | a mixture containing a solvent and at least one solute that has the same properties throughout; a mixture in which in which one substance is dissolved in another |
| vein | 1. a narrow deposit of a mineral that is sharply different from the surrounding rock 2. a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart |
| rock-forming mineral | any of the common minerals that make up most of the rocks on Earth's crust |
| granite | a usually light-colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust |
| basalt | a dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust |
| grain | the particles of minerals or other rocks that give a rock its texture |
| texture | the look and feel of a rock's surface, determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rock's grains |
| igneous rock | a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface |
| sedimentary rock | a type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together |
| metamorphic rock | a type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions |
| extrusive rock | igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface |
| intrusive rock | igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface |
| sediment | small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or the remains of organisms; earth materials deposited by erosion |
| weathering | the chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances |
| erosion | the process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil |
| deposition | process in which sediment is laid down in new locations |
| compaction | the process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight |
| cementation | the process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass |
| clastic rock | sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together under high pressure |
| organic rock | sedimentary rock that forms from remains of organisms deposited in thick layers |
| chemical rock | sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize from a solution |
| foliated | term used to describe metamorphic rocks that have grains arranged in parallel layers or bands |
| rock cycle | a series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rock from one kind to another |
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