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Respiratory System69
Unit I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Increase the surface area of the nasal mucosa, which warms and moistens the air as it enters the nose. | Turbinates |
| The most distant bronchioles are called this? | Respiratory Bronchioles |
| The area before the respiratory bronchioles serves only as a conducting pathway. | Anatomic dead space (Vd) |
| Normal tidal volume (Vt), or volume of air exchanged with each breath. | 500mL |
| Of each 500mL inhaled, about ___ is Vd? | 150mL |
| A lipoprotein that lowers the surface tension in the alveoli. | Surfactant |
| The space between the pleural layers, which normally contains about 20-25mL of fluid. | Intrapleural Space |
| Pathologic condition that cause accumulation of greater amounts of pleural fluid (e.g blockage of lymphatic drainage or fluid imbalance such as heart failure patients.) | Pleural Effusion |
| Purulent pleural fluid w/ bacterial infection. | Empyema |
| The tendency of the lungs to relax after being stretched or expanded. | Elastic Recoil |
| Is the measure of the ease of expansion of the lungs. | Compliance (distensibility) |
| Represents the amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma and is expressed in mmHg. | Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2) |
| This is the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin in comparison w/ the amount of oxygen the hemoglobin can carry. | Arterial Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) |
| Oxygen is carried in the blood in two forms. | Dissolved O2 and Hemoglobin Bound O2 |
| Blood drawn from a ___ catheter is termed a mixed venous blood gas sample because it consists of venous blood that has returned to the heart from all tissue beds and "mixed" in the right ventricle. | Pulmonary Artery (PA) |
| Changes in ___ provide an early warning of a change in cardiac output or tissue oxygen delivery. | Venous Oxygen Saturation (SvO2) |
| Prevents over distension of the lungs. | Hering-Breuer Reflex |
| In the mucus; contributes to protection against bacteria and viruses. | Immunoglobulin A (IgA) |
| Is described as a sharp, localized, stabbing pain, associated w/ movement or deep breathing. | Pleuritic Pain |
| Pain along the boarders of the sternum and is associated with breathing. | Costochondritis |
| Is the vibration of the chest wall produced by vocalization. | Fremitus |
| Inspiration should take half as long as ______. | Expiration |
| Is performed to assess the density or aeration of the lungs. | Percussion |
| Relatively soft, low-pitched, gentle, rustling sounds. | Vesicular sounds |
| Positive when the person says"E" but is heard as "A". | Egophony |
| The mechanism that stimulates the release of surfactant. | Alveolar Stretch from deep breathing. |
| During inspiration, air enters the thoracic cavity as a result of ______ intrathoracic pressure relative to pressure at the airway. | Decrease |
| The three mechanisms by which the body regulates acid-base balance. | Buffer, Respiratory & Renal |
| Is the fastest-acting system and the primary regulator of acid-base balance. | Buffer System |
| A larger-bore ET tube reduces the ______ __ _______ because there is less airway resistance. | Work of Breathing (WOB) |
| Is contraindicated in patients w/ facial fx, suspected fx at the base of the skull, and postoperatively after cranial surgeries. | Nasal Intubation |
| Obtain ABG's within ___ minutes after intubation to determine oxygenation and ventilation status. | 25 |
| Is the best indicator of alveolar hyperventilation or hypoventilation. | PaCO2 |
| The patient who is hypoventilating will be breathing shallowly or slowly and may appear ____. | Dusky |
| A decrease in CO2 production is associated w/ these s/s. | Hypothermia, Decreased CO, Metabolic Acidosis. |
| PETCO2 monitoring done at the patient ventilator circuit. | Mainstream Sampling |
| PETCO2 monitoring done via a small-bore tubing to a bedside monitor. | Sidestream Sampling |
| Occurs after 48 to 72 hours of PPV, especially PPV with PEEP. | Fluid Retention |
| Reversed by administration of anticholinesterase agents. Used when nerve stimulator is not affecting patient. | neostigmine |
| This makes the patient receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation more prone to poor O2 transport secondary to anemia and to poor tolerance of minimal exercise. | Inadequate Nutrition |
| Enteral feeding via a _______ feeding tube is the preferred method to meet caloric needs of ventilated patients. | Small-bore |
| Limiting _______ content in the diet may lower CO2 production. | carbohydrate |
| The process of reducing ventilatory support and resuming spontaneous ventilation. | Weaning |
| Short term ventilation. | <3days |
| Long term ventilation. | >3 days |
| Determines the patients ability to breathe spontaneously. | Preweaning |
| Is recommended in patients who demonstrate weaning readiness. | Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT) |
| The cuff is deflated during _______ because the exhaled gas helps propel secretios into the mouth. | exhalation |
| A disadvantage of using a fenestrated tube. | Tracheal Polyps |
| Receives fluid from and air from the pleural or mediastinal space. | Collection Chamber |
| Contains 2cm of water which act as a one way valve. | Water-Seal or 2nd compartment |
| Applies suction to the chest drainage system. | Suction Control (3rd compartment) |
| Receives fluid from and air from the pleural or mediastinal space. | Collection Chamber |
| Contains 2cm of water which act as a one way valve. | Water-Seal or 2nd compartment |
| Applies suction to the chest drainage system. | Suction Control (3rd compartment) |
| Flexible fiberoptic scope is used for dxg , biopsy, specimen collection, or assessment of changes. Also may be used for mucus plugs, lavage of lungs, or removing foreign bodies. NPO for 6-12hrs before test, and until gag reflex returns after procedure. | Bronchoscopy |
| Used to obtain specimen of pleural fluid for dxg, to remove pleural fluid, or to instill medication. CxR always obtained after, Complication: Pneumothorax/hypoxia. Instruct pt not to talk or cough. Position using a table sitting w/ feet supported. | Thoracentesis |
| Used to evaluate lung function. Involves use of spirometer to assess air movement as pt performs prescribed respiratory maneuvers. Instruct avoid after mealtime, avoid bronchodilators 6hr prior. | Pulmonary Function Test (PFT's) |
| Sedation prolonged more than 5-7 days may cause ______. | “tolerance” |
| Long-term sedation leads to complications of immobility and delayed ______. | awakening |
| Antidote for Benzodiazepines? | Flumazinil (Romazacon) |
| Needed for physical renewal and repair. | NREM |
| Needed for psychological well being. | REM |
Created by:
BOjangles1006
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