Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
APES Earth test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| seismology | the branch of earth science thta combines mathematics and physics to explain the nature of earthquakes and how they can be used to gather information about Earth beyond our view |
| lithosphere | strained beyond their limit, yield, and "spring back" to their original shape, rapidly releasing stored energy. |
| this energy radiates in all directions from the source of the earthquake, called the ____, in the form of _____ ______ | focus, seismic waves |
| seismograph instruments | are located throughout the world and amplify and record the ground motions produced by passing seismic waves on seismograms |
| P waves | travel through Earth and have the greatest velocity and, therefore reach the seismograph station first. Also have smaller amplitudes and shorter periods than the other waves |
| S waves | travel through Earth |
| surface or L waves | arrive at the seismograph station last because they must travel longer distance alomg Earth's outer layer |
| epicenter | the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus |
| amplitudes | the range from the mean, or average, to the extreme |
| periods | the time, interval between the arrival of successive wave crests |
| Plate tectonics | Earth's crust is broken into plates which move relative to each other, movement caused by convection currents dissipating Earth's internal heat |
| Volcanoes and earthquakes | occur at plate tectonics |
| Divergent plate boundaries | sea floor spreading, new crust generated, mid ocean ridges |
| Convergent plate boundaries | oceanic plate subducts under ocean or continental plates, causes volcanoes and trenches. They produce boundaries. |
| Transform boundaries | plates slide past each other, causes earthquakes |
| Rock cycle | relationship of rocks and formation processes |
| rock types according to origin | igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic |
| minerals | are not renewable |
| ore | concentration of mineral is high enough so that it is profitable to mine |
| mineral reserve | identified deposits, profitable to mine |
| surface mining | strip mining, cheaper, less dangerous to miners. Problems: toxic runoff, acid drainange |
| soil texture | size of soil particles; sand, silt, clay |
| humus | organic material in soil |
| leaching | removal of dissolved materials by water moving through |
| permeability | ability to transmit water |
| porosity | ability to hold water |
| solution to soil problems | contour plowing, crop rotation, conservation tillage, organic fertilizers |
| troposhere | 0-17 km above Earth's surface, site of weather, organisms, most vapor |
| stratosphere | 17-48 km above surface, site of weather, organisms, most water vapor |
| composition of earth's atmosphere | 78% N2, 21% O2, 0.9% argon, 0,0035% CO2. |
| original atmosphere was H2 and He, Organisms have altered atmosphere | increases O2 and N2 decreased |
| Weather | daily atmospheric conditions (temp and precip), climate long term atmospheric conditions |
| Global circulation patterns | caused by uneven heating of earth's surface and earth's rotation |
| ENSO | El Nino Southern Oscillation; see-sawing of air pressure over Southern Pacific |
| El Nino | |
| effects of El Nino | disrupts food chains, alters precipitation patterns, fewer Atlantic hurricanes |
| ozone depletion | caused bbbbt CFC'S, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride (CCI4), halons, methyl bromide all break down stratospheric ozone |
| effects of ozone depletion | increased UV radiation reaches Earth's surface; causes increased skincanceer, cataracts, decreased plant growth and marine productivity |
| startospheric ozone layer | approximately 20-30 km above the Earth's surface (12-18 miles) |
| biotic | living organisms |
| abiotic | non-living organisms |
| Producer/autotroph | organisms that CAN make their own food |
| consumer/heterotroph | organisms that CANNOT make their own food |
| aerobiotic respiration oxygen | used by producers, consumers, decomposers to break down complex organic compounds and release energy |
| major trophic levels | producers-primary, consumers-secondary,consumers-tertiary consumers-etc |
| energy flow in food webs | solar energy converted to chemical energy, eventually returned as hear. only 10% transferred to next trophic level |
| why is only 10 |
Created by:
danat214
Popular Science sets