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Biology chap 2
Biology 110 study questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the smallest functional unit in living organisms ? | A cell |
| Atoms consist of what 3 subatomic particles such as? | protons, neutrons, & electrons |
| Explain the octet rule. | Every atom wants to have 8 electrons in their outer ring with the exception of hydrogen and helium which only want 2. This is where the bonding comes into play. Ionic bonds primary happen b/t atoms in the 1st and 7th group |
| How many electrons does a chloride atom need to meet the octet rule ? | 1 atom |
| Using your periodic table on pg 25, what does the number 13 tell you about aluminum? | it has 13 protons |
| If the number of protons changes in an atom, does it remain the same type of atom ? | No, if the # of protons change in an atom than the type of atom it is changes. |
| Covalent bonds are…. | When atoms share one or more (sometimes a pair which would cause a double bond I think…need to check). These bonds can be polar or nonpolar. Polarity just means a difference in attraction. Polar bonds dissolve in water. |
| Water molecules are held together by which type of bonds ? | Hydrogen bonds |
| The hydrogen and oxygen of a water molecule are held together by which type of bonds ? | Polar Covalent |
| . Explain the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond. | Covalent bonds share electrons while Ionic bonds either gain or lose electrons (usually atoms from group 1 and group 7) |
| What is an ion ? | A charged atom- an atom that has either lost (cation) or gained an electron (anion). a cation is positive & an anion is negative. |
| Explain the difference between a solute and a solvent. | Solvent- liquid. Solute- is the substance that is desolved in the solvent |
| What is a solution and how does it relate to solutes and solvents ? | A solution is made up of solutes and solvents |
| Describe how an amphipathic molecule will react to water. | Like the alien example. The hydrophilic molecules will be in the water and the hydrophobic molecules will not (that it why the hydrophobic molecules are usually located in the center) |
| Give an example of a hydrophobic substance, a hydrophilic substance. | Hydrophobic- oil; Hydrophilic- salt |
| If a substance is acidic, it has more ____ than _____. | H+; OH- |
| If a substance is basic, it has less _____ than ______. | H+; OH- |
| Carbonic acid can disassociate into carbon dioxide and water and then reform as carbonic acid, or it can disassociate into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions. In the body carbonic acid acts as a buffer. Explain how this helps control the pH level in our | Help to keep a constant pH. It can increase or decrease Hydrogen ions |
| If a chemical reaction involves the addition of water it is called ______. | Hydration |
| If a chemical reaction involves the removal of water it is called _______. | Dehydration |
| If a solute does not dissolve in water it is most likely ______. | Hydrophobic |
| What does the atomic number of the periodic table tell you about an atom ? | The # of protons it has |
| How is the atomic weight of an atom different from the mass of an atom ? | The mass is the # of protons and neutrons while the weight is the average of all the isotopes of that element |
| Which of the following have the most H+ ions ? (use Fig. 2.21) milk, beer, or stomach fluid (HCl). What does this tell you about milk compared to stomach acid ? What about bleach ? | HCl |
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