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Mendelian Genetics

Biology Chapter 10

TermDefinition
gene area on DNA that codes for a specific trait
homologous chromosomes paired chromosomes, one from each parent
gamete male and female sex cells
haploid cell with half as many chromosomes
fertilization combination of gametes from 2 organisms
diploid having two copies of each chromosome
meiosis process of gamete formation
crossing over when chromosomes exchange DNA during prophase I of meiosis
genetics science of heredity
allele single form of a gene
dominant the form of a gene that masks the other form
recessive a form of a gene that is hidden by the other form
homozygous HH or hh
heterozygous Hh
genotype two letter allele pair
phenotype the characteristic expressed by an allele pair
law of segregation the two alleles for a gene separate during meiosis
hybrid a heterozygous organism
law of independent assortment during gamete formation, alleles are distributed randomly among cells
genetic recombination new combinations of genes due to crossing over and independent assortment
polyploidy having extra chromosomes
gamete sperm and egg cells
gamete a cell with half the number of chromosomes
diploid a cell with 2n chromosomes
haploid a cell with n chromosomes
crossing over causes genetic diversity
trait characteristic that can be inherited
genetics area of science founded by Gregor Mendel's work
genotype Pp
heterozygous organisms with two different alleles for a single gene
homozygous organisms with two of the same alleles for a single gene
Created by: pleggent
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