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Biology 201

Exam 1 Ch 1-5

QuestionAnswer
Basic Characteristics of living organisms order, sensitivity, energy utilization, Evolutionary adaptation, homeostasis/regulation, growth/development/reproduction, cellular organization,
Order highly ordered
Sensitivity respond to stimuli
Evolutionary adaptation change over time to adapt to environment
homeostasis/regulation maintain constant internal environment which differs from external environment
growth/development/reproduction living things grow, reproduce and pass on hereditary traits to offspring
cellular organization all living things consist of one or more cells
two types of cells Eukaryotic and prokaryotic
Eukaryotic has nucelus
prokaryotic no nucleus
living organisms can be categorized into 3 domains Bacteria, Archaea eukarya
four elements make up what percent of living matter 4 ( O, C, H, N )
Atom smallest unit of matter that still retains properties of an element
atomic NUMBER NUMBER OF PROTONS
ATOMIC MASS SUM OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS MEASURED IN DALTONS
ISOTOPES ATOMS OF AN ELEMENT THAT POSSES A DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS
ELECTRONS AND CHEMICAL BEHAVIOR PROTONS AND NEUTRONS HELD TIGHTLY WITHIN THE NUCLEUS
ELECTRON SHELL LEVELS 1ST SHELL - 2 ELECTRONS MAX 2ND SHELL - 8 ELECTRONS MAX 3RD SHELL - 8 ELECTRONS MAX 4TH & 5TH SHELLS - 18 ELECTRONS
STABLE ATOM WHEN OUTER SHELL IS FILLED
OCTET RULE MOST ELEMENTS REACT TO GAIN 8 ELECTRONS IN THEIR OUTER SHELLS
COVALENT BOND WHEN TWO ATOMS SHARE A PAIR OF ELECTRONS
IONIC BONDS AN ATOM CARRYING AN ELECTRIC CHARGE FORMED BY GAINING OR LOSING ELECTRONS
CATIONS CONTAIN MORE PROTONS THEN ELECTRONS (POSITIVE CHARGE)
ANION CONTAINS FEWER PROTONS THAN ELECTRONS (NEGATIVE CHARGE)
WEAK CHEMICAL BONDS HYDROGEN BONDS AND VAN DER WAALS
VAN DER WAALS ATTRACTION BETWEEN POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REGIONS OF MOLECULES
WATER AND HYDROGEN BONDING POLAR COVALENT BONDS - BOND IN WHICH ELECTRONS ARE SHARED UNEQUALLY
PROPERTIES OF WATER COHESION, TEMPERATE STABILIZING CAPACITY, INSULATION OF BODIES OF WATER BY ICE, SOLVENT PROPERTIES,
COHESIVENESS HIGH SURFACE TENSION DUE TO HYDROGEN BONDS
TEMPERATURE STABILIZING CAPACITY SPECIFIC HEAT IS 1CAL/GRAM AND IS HIGHER THAN MOST LIQUIDS DUE TO HYDROGEN BONDING
SOLVENT PROPERTIES EXCELLENT SOLVENT DUE TO ABILITY TO DISSOLVE A GREAT VARIETY OF SOLUTES
HYDROPHILIC polar molecules that dissolve readily in water; sugars, organic acids, some amino acids.
hydrophobic non-polar molecules that are not very soluble in water. lipids, some proteins
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STUDY OF CARBON CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY OF LIVING SYSTEMS
VERSATILITY OF CARBON CAN FORM 4 BONDS VERY STABLE
ISOMERS COMPOUNDS OF SAME CHEMICAL FORMULA BUT DIFFERENT STRUCTURES
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS SPECIFIC GROUPS OF ATOMS ATTACHED TO CARBON BACKBONES
FOUR MAJOR CLASSES OF MACROMOLECULES SUGARS, FATTY ACIDS, AMINO ACIDS, NUCLEOTIDES,
CARBOHYDRATES FUNCTIONS ENERGY SOURCE, ENERGY STORAGE, STRUCTURE, CELL RECOGNITION,
MACROMOLECULES BUILT BY LINKING TOGETHER SMALL SIMILAR SUBUNITS BROKEN DOWN BY HYDROLYSIS
LIPIDS BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES WHICH ARE SOLUBLE IN FAT, ORGANIC SOLVENTS, BUT INSOLUBLE IN WATER
LIPID FUNCTION ENERGY STORAGE, MAJOR COMPONENT OF CELL MEMBRANE, CELL SIGNALING, INSULATION AND CUSHIONING,
PROTIENS MOST DIVERSE MACROMOLECULES IN CELLS CONTAIN THOUSANDS OF DIFFERENT PROTEINS WHICH PERFORM A VARIETY OF FUNCTIONS. THE SHAPE DETERMINES THE FUNCTION
PROTEIN FUNCTIONS ENZYMES, DEFENSE, TRANSPORT, SUPPORT, MOTION, REGULATION, STORAGE,
LEVELS OF PROTEIN STUCTURE PRIMARY, SECONDARY, TERTIARY, QUATERNARY,
SCONDARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE DISTINCT FOLDING PATTERNS
TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE FOLDED 3-d SHAPE
DNA DOUBLE STRANDED
RNA SINGLE STRANDED
Created by: Jed8
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