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RADT 308 Unit 2
Chest
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pattern of scarring and dense nodules | Silicosis |
| Calcifications involving the pleura | Asbestosis |
| Small opaque spots throughout lungs | Anthracosis |
| Another name for Anthracosis | Black Lung |
| Regions of calcification with cavitations, in the upper lobes and apices with upward retraction of hila | Reactivation (Secondary) Tuberculosis |
| Small opaque spots throughout lungs, enlargement of hilar region in early stage | Primary Tuberculosis |
| Commonly called hyaline membrane disease (HMD) in children | Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) |
| Granular pattern of increased radiodensity in lungs, possible air-fluid level | RDS |
| Sudden blockage of artery in lungs | Pulmonary Emboli |
| Rarely demostrated on chest radiograph, possible wedge-shaped opacity-Hampton's Hump | Pulmonary Emboli |
| Fluid in the lungs | Pulmonary Edema |
| Increased diffuse radiodensity in hilar regions, air-fluid levels | Pulmonary Edema |
| Lung displaced from chest wall, no lung markings | Pneumothorax |
| Patchy infiltrate with increased radiodensity, aspiration, bronchopneumonia, lobar, viral | Pneumonia |
| Another name for Viral Pneumonia | Interstitial Pneumonia |
| Another name for Lobar Pneumonia | Pneumococcal Pneumonia |
| Possible air-fluid levels | Pleurisy |
| Lung markings with "dry" pleurisy | None |
| Pleural effusion, fluid is pus | Empyema |
| Pleural effusion, fluid is blood | Hemothorax |
| Side that is up with possible pneumothorax | Affected side up |
| Side that is down with possible pleural effusion | Affected side down |
| Radiodensities with sharp outlines, mass may be radiopaque | Benign Lung Neoplasm |
| Another name for Pleural effusion | Hydrothorax |
| Increased radiodensity, air-fluid level, possible mediastinal shift | Pleural effusion |
| Slight shadows in early stages, larger defined radiopaque masses in advanced stages | Malignant Lung Neoplasm |
| Benign Lung Neoplasm | Hamartoma |
| Narrowing of the epiglottic region | Epiglottitis |
| Increase or decrease exposure factors for Emphysema | Decrease |
| Barrel chest, flattened diaphragm indicates | Emphysema |
| Difficulty breathing | Dyspnea |
| Increased radiodensities in specific lung regions, increase exposure factors with severe conditon | Cystic fibrosis |
| What does COPD stand for | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| Hyperinflation, dominant lung markings in lower lungs, radiolucency | Bronchitis |
| Radiodense lower lungs | Bronchiectasis |
| Collapse of all or portion of lung, radiodense lung regions, shift of heart and trachea in severe cases | Atelectasis |
| Mechanical Obstruction | Aspiration |
| Exposure factor for Aspiration | Soft tissue for upper airway |
| Caused by the inhalation of silica | Silicosis |
| Caused by inhalation of asbestos, may develop into lung cancer | Asbestosis |
| Caused by long-term inhalation of coal dust | Anthracosis |
| Also called Black Lung Pneumoconiosis | Anthracosis |
| AP lordotic projections used to visualize the calcifications and cavitations of the apices and upper lobes from this disease | Reactivation (Secondary) Tuberculosis |
| Form of TB that occurs in a person who has never had the disease before | Primary Tuberculosis |
| Contagious disease caused by airborne bacteria | Tuberculosis |
| Emergency condition with leakage of fluid and blood between or into the alveoli | Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) |
| RDS in infants | Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) |
| RDS in adults | Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) |
| Condition of excess fluid in the lung, common with CHF | Pulmonary Edema |
| Accumulation of air in the pleural space | Pneumothorax |
| Pneumonia causing inflammation of the alveoli and connecting lung tissues | Viral Pneumonia |
| Usually within 1 or 2 lobes of the lungs | Lobar Pneumonia |
| Commonly caused by Streptococcus or Staphylococcus bacteria, bronchitis of both lungs | Bronchopneumonia |
| Edema as a result of foreign body in the lungs | Aspiration Pneumonia |
| Inflammation of the lungs with an accumulation of fluid in certain sections | Pneumonia |
| This conditon seen best in lateral decubitus position | Hemothorax |
| May be casued by chest wound, obstruction of bronchi, or ruptured lun abscess | Empyema |
| Condition of abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity | Pleural Effusion |
| Growth or tumor, either benign or malignanat | Neoplasm |
| Most common pulmonary mass, perpheral regions of the lung | Hamartoma |
| 90% of this type of lung neoplasm start in the bronchi | Malignant |
| Most common in children 2-5 years old, life-threatening condition can result quickly | Epiglottitis |
| Disease with loss of alveolar elasticity | Emphysema |
| Condition of shortness of breath, creates sensation of difficulty breathing | Dyspnea |
| Most common of the inherited diseases, heavy mucus secretions that clog bronchi and bronchioles | Cystic Fibrosis |
| Group of respiratory diseases that include: emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma | COPD |
| Acute or Chronic condition, excessive mucus secreted into the bronchi, main cause is smoking | Bronchitis |
| Irreversible dilation or widening of the bronchi or bronchioles | Bronchiectasis |
| Condition of the lung, result of obstruction of the bronchus, puncture, or "blowout" of an air passageway | Atelectasis |
| Most common in small children when foreign object is swallowed | Aspiration |
| How should a chest x-ray be taken how for a pneumothorax | Erect or lateral decubitus if patient unable to stand |
| 3 divisons of the sternum | manubrium, body, and xiphoid tip |
| Number of pairs of ribs | 12 |
| Level of the vertebra prominens | C-7 |
| Used for landmark for AP Chest | Jugular notch |
| Xiphoid tip is at the level of ______ | T9-T10 |
| 4 divisions of the respiratory system | Pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs |
| Dome shaped structure of the respiratory system, primary muscle of inspiration | Diaphragm |
| As diaphragm moves downward, volume in the thoracic cavity _________ and ________ the intrathoracic pressure | Increases, decreases |
| Common passageway for food, fluids, and air; common to the digestive and respiratory systems | Pharynx |
| Makes up the roof of the oral cavity | Hard palate and soft palate |
| The lower posterior aspect of the soft palate | Uvula |
| Marks the boundary of the nasopharynx and the oropharynx | Uvula |
| During swallowing the ______flips down to cover the laryngeal opening, prevents food and fluid from entering the larynx and bronchi | Epiglottis |
| Called the Adam's apple | Thyroid Cartilage |
| Connects the pharynx with the stomach | Esophagus |
| The _______ is posterior to the trachea | Esophagus |
| Cagelike,cartilaginous structure; also called the voice box | Larynx |
| Small bone that suspends the larynx | Hyoid |
| Ring of cartilage that forms the inferior and posterior wall of larynx, attached to the first ring of cartilage of the trachea | Cricoid |
| Also known as the windpipe | Trachea |
| Extends from level of C6 to T4/T5 | Trachea |
| Organ located anterior in the neck region, stores certain hormones, radiosensitive | Thyroid gland |
| Small, round glands embedded in the thyroid gland, help maintain blood calcium levels and other specific blood functions | Parathyroid glands |
| This gland is located distal to the thyroid gland | Thymus gland |
| The _____ primary bronchus is wider and shorter then the _______ | Right, left |
| Which primary bronchus is a foreign object most likely to get lodged | Right |
| The lowest tracheal caartilage | Carnia |
| How many alveoli or small air sacs are contained in the lungs | 500-700 million |
| The lobes of the right lung | Superior, middle, and inferior |
| How many lobes in the right lung | 3 |
| How many lobes in the left lung | 2 |
| Light, spongy substance that makes up the lungs | Parenchyma |
| Double-walled sac that contains the lungs | Pleura |
| Pleural sac lining the inner surface of the chest wall and diaphragm | Parietal pleura |
| Pleural sac lining the surface of the lungs and the fissures between the lobes | Visceral pleura |
| Also known as visceral pleura | Pulmonary pleura |
| Space between the visceral and parietal pleura | pleural cavity |
| Rounded upper portion of the lungs, above the level of the clavicles | Apex |
| Point of bifurcation of the trachea | Carina |
| The outermost lower corner of the lungs, where diaphragm meets the ribs | Costophrenic angle |
| Root region or central area of each lung | Hilum |
| Thoracic cavity between the lungs | Mediastinum |
| 4 structures of the mediastinum | thymus gland, heart and great vessels, trachea, and esophagus |
| This is considered a temporary organ, functions in childhood and puberty | Thymus gland |
| This double-walled sac surrounds the heart and the roots of the great vessels | Pericardial sac |
| This vein returns blood to the heart from the upper half of the body | Superior Vena Cava |
| This vein returns bllod to the heart from the lower half of the body | Inferior Vena Cava |
| Largest artery in the body | Aorta |
| 3 parts of the aorta | Ascending aorta, arch of the aorta, and the descending aorta |
| Pecent of population with hypersthenic body habitus | 5% |
| Percent of population with sthenic body habitus | 50% |
| Percent of population with hyposthenic body habitus | 35% |
| Percent of population with asthenic body habitus | 10% |
| Breathing instructions for chest x-ray | Hold breath on second inspiration |
| AP chest projection increases magnification of the __________ | Heart shadow |
| SID for Chest x-ray | 72 inches |
| Side against IR for Lateral Chest x-ray | Left |
| If ribs not superimposed, what positioning error was made | Excessive rotation |
| Level of the inferior angle of the scapula | T7 |
| How many inches below the jugular notch will the CR be positioned for an AP chest | 3 inches |
| CR for chest | T7 |
| CR anglr for AP Chest projection | 5 degrees caudad |
| CR angle for Semiaxial AP projection | 15-20 degrees cephalad |
| Shield _______ for chest imaging | gonads |
| Side of interest for anterior oblique position | Farthest away from IR |
| Position to best visualize left lung | RAO |
| Amount of rotation for RAO/ LAO | 45 degrees |
| Posterior Oblique best visualizes side ________ to IR | closest |
| This position shows the same anatomy as the RAO | LPO |
| mAs for lateral upper airway | 3 mAs |
| mAs for AP upper airway | 10 mAs |
| Breathing instructions for upper airway | slow, deep inspiration |
Created by:
lawebster
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