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Ch 7 Terms

Chapter 7 Biology Terms

TermDefinition
Cellular Respiration The process by which cells obtain energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide.
Pyruvic Acid The three-carbon compound that is produced during glycolysis and needed for both aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that follows glycolysis.
NADH The reduced form of NAD+; an electron-carrying molecule that functions in cellular respiration.
Anaerobic Describes a process that does not require oxygen.
Aerobic Respiration The process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP; the part of respiration that is carried out in the presence of oxygen.
Glycolysis The anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to the cells in the form of ATP.
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) An organic molecule that serves as an electron carrier by being oxidized to NAD+ and reduced to NADH.
Fermentation The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or molds in the absence of oxygen.
Lactic Acid Fermentation The chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product.
Alcoholic Fermentation The anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol.
Kilocalorie A unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories.
Mitochondrial Matrix The fluid that is inside that inner membrane of a mitochondrion.
Acetyl CoA Acetyl coenzyme A, a compound that is synthesized by cells and that plays a major role in metabolism.
Krebs Cycle A series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; it is the major pathway of oxidation in animal, bacterial, and plant cells, and it releases energy.
Oxaloacetic Acid A four-carbon compound of Krebs Cycle that combines with acetyl CoA to form citric acid.
Citric Acid A six-carbon compound formed in the Krebs Cycle.
FAD Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide, a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions.
Created by: GarciaC17
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