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biology

TermDefinition
Acid Any substance that forms hydrogen ions in water.
Atom The smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element.
base Any substance that forms hydroxide ions in water and has a pH above 7.
compound A substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined.
covalent bond Chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons.
element Substance that cant be broken down into simpler chemical substances.
ion Atom or group of atoms that gain or lose electrons; has an electrical charge.
ionic bond Chemical bond formed by the attractive forces between two ions of opposite charge.
isotope Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus.
metabolism All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.
mixture Combination of substances in which individual components retain their own properties.
molecule Group o atoms held together by covalent bonds.
nucleus Positively charged center of an atom.
pH Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
solution Mixture in which one or more substances are distributed evenly in another substance.
diffusion Random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
dynamic equilibrium Result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration.
hydrogen bond Weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms.
polar molecule Molecule with an unequal distribution of charge.
amino acids Basic building blocks of protein molecules.
carbohydrates Organic compound used by cells to store and release energy.
enzyme A protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction.
isomer Compounds with the same simple formula but different three-dimensional structures resulting in different physical and chemical
lipid Larger organic compounds made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen.
nucleic acid Complex biomolecules such as RNA and DNA.
nucleotide Subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar.
peptide bond Covalent bond formed between amino acids.
polymer Larger molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together.
protein Large, complex polymer essential to all life.
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